Tobacco Smoking in Urban and Rural Adolescents and its Association 511 with Individual and Familiar Characteristics

Liria Yamamoto-Kimura; Carlos Posadas-Romero; Ignacio Méndez-Ramírez; Guillermo Cardoso-Saldaña; Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez; Aida Medina-Urrutia; Arturo Fajardo-Gutiérrez; Gabriel Juárez-Rojas

2008, Number 5

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2008; 46 (5)

Tobacco Smoking in Urban and Rural Adolescents and its Association 511 with Individual and Familiar Characteristics

Yamamoto-Kimura L, Posadas-Romero C, Méndez-Ramírez I, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Posadas-Sánchez R, Medina-Urrutia A, Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, Juárez-Rojas G

Full text

How to cite this article

Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 511-518
PDF size: 205.26 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: the purpose was to estimate the prevalence of smoking in adolescents and its association with some individual and family characteristics in urban and rural areas.
Methods: an analytic cross-sectional study was carried out in 3161 junior high school students, of eight public and two private urban schools and three public rural schools. Some student behaviors on tobacco use, patterns of smoking and alcohol consumption in the family and socioeconomic status were measured.
Results: the prevalence of smoking increased with age. In private urban schools, women had a higher prevalence that males (27.6 % vs. 19.3 %). In rural area schools was higher in males (9.9 % vs. 3.5 %). Individual characteristics associated with smoking were: the curiosity to smoke (OR = 9.7, CI 95 % = 5.8- 16.3), having experienced with smoking (OR = 26, CI 95 % = 12-56.6) and alcohol consumption (OR = 2.9, CI 95 % = 2.1-3.9). The family characteristics that influence adolescent smoking were the presence of smoking habit in the father (OR = 1.5, CI 95 % = 1.1-2) or in the brother or sister (OR = 2, CI 95 % = 1.3-3). The parents living together (OR = 0.6, CI 95 % = 0.4-0.9) was a protective factor.
Conclusions: The exploratory behavior of the adolescent and the patterns of tobacco use and alcohol consumption in the family influenced the adoption of this habit.

REFERENCES

Pederson II. Smoking. En: Stephens T, Grham D, editors. Canada’s Health Promotion Survey 1990: technical report. Ottawa, Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada; 1993: p. 91-101.
Sasco AJ, Merrill RM, Benhaïm-Luzon V, Gérard JP, Freyer G. Trends in tobacco smoking among adolescents in Lyon, France. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:496-504.
Cristiansen AL, Malmstadt J, Rumm P, Eisenberg T, Ahrens D, Remington P. Trends in self-reported cigarette smoking, Wisconsin 1984-1999. WMJ 2001;100(3):24-28.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Encuesta mundial sobre tabaquismo en la juventud: resultados en las Américas. Bol Epidemiol OPS 2002;23(2):6-9.
Millar WJ. Smoking prevalence among Canadian adolescents: a comparison of survey estimates. Can J Public Health 1985;76:33-37.
Valdés N, Sánchez S. El tabaco y las adolescentes: tendencias actuales. Washington, DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana; 1999.
Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 1998. México: SS; 1999.
Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2002. México: SS; 2003.
Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 1988. México: SS; 1990.
Tapia-Conyer R, Kuri-Morales J, Hoy-Gutiérrez MJ, Panorama epidemiológico del tabaquismo en México. Salud Publica Mex 2001;43:478-484.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing tobacco use among young people. A report of the Surgeon General, 1994. Atlanta, Georgia: Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health; 1994.
Combs RS, Seline R, Kozlowski LT. Age interacts with heaviness of smoking in predicting success in cessation of smoking. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:240-246.
Tyas LS, Pederson LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tob Control 1998;7:409-420.
Goodman E, McEwen BS, Dolan LM, Schefer- Kalkhpff T, Adler NE. Social disadvantage and adolescent stress. J Adolesc Health 2005;37:484-492.
Flay BR, Hu FB, Siddiqui O, Day LE, Hedeker D, Petraitis J, Richardson J, Sussman S. Differential influences of parental and friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking. J Soc Health Behav 1994;35(3):248-265.
Flay BR, Hu FB, Richardson J. Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Prev Med 1998;27:A9-A18.
Coll-Salvador C. Aprendizaje escolar y construcción del conocimiento. México: Paidós Mexicana; 2003.
Secretaría de Educación Pública, Subsecretaría de Servicios Educativos para el Distrito Federal, Dirección General de Planeación Educativa. Estadística de educación secundaria por delegación. Periodo escolar 1995-1996. México: SEP; 1997.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática. Cuaderno estadístico Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal. México: INEGI; 1998.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática. Cuaderno estadístico Municipio El Oro, Estado de México. México: INEGI; 1998.
Embriz A, Arce L, Malcom A, Ruiz L. Indicadores socioeconómicos de los pueblos indígenas de México. México: Dirección de Investigación y Promoción Cultural, Instituto Nacional Indigenista; 1993. p. 109-114.
Yamamoto-Kimura L, Posadas-Romero C, Posadas- Sánchez R, Zamora-González J, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Méndez-Ramírez I. Prevalence and interrelations of cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural Mexican adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2006;38:591-598.
López AD, Collishaw NE, Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob Control 1994;3:242-247.
Nazar A. Tapia R. León G. Medina ME. Factores asociados al consumo de drogas en adolescentes de áreas urbanas de México. Salud Publica Mex 1994; 36(6):646-654.
Azebedo A, Machado AP, Barros H. Consumo de tabaco entre estudiantes de secundaria portugueses. Bol OMS 1999;77:509-514.
Yang G, Ma J, Chen AP, Brown S, Taylor CE, Samet JM. Smoking among adolescents in China: 1998 survey findings. Int J Epidemiol 2004;33:1103-1110.
Lazcano-Ponce EC, Hernández-Ávila M. La epidemia de tabaquismo. Epidemiología, factores de riesgo y medidas de prevención. Salud Publica Mex 2002;44(Supl 1):S1-S2.
Covey LS, Tam D. Depressive mood, the singleparent home, and adolescent cigarette smoking. Am J Public Health 1990;80:1330-1333.
Turner RA, Irwin CE Jr, Millstein SG. Family Structure, family processes, and experimenting with substances during adolescence. J Res Adolesc 1991;1:93-106.
Dolcini MM, Adler NE, Ginsberg D. Factors influencing agreement between self reports and biological measures of smoking among adolescents. J Res Adolesc 1996;6:515-542.
Pederson II. Smoking. En: Stephens T, Grham D, editors. Canada’s Health Promotion Survey 1990: technical report. Ottawa, Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada; 1993: p. 91-101.
Sasco AJ, Merrill RM, Benhaïm-Luzon V, Gérard JP, Freyer G. Trends in tobacco smoking among adolescents in Lyon, France. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:496-504.
Cristiansen AL, Malmstadt J, Rumm P, Eisenberg T, Ahrens D, Remington P. Trends in self-reported cigarette smoking, Wisconsin 1984-1999. WMJ 2001;100(3):24-28.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Encuesta mundial sobre tabaquismo en la juventud: resultados en las Américas. Bol Epidemiol OPS 2002;23(2):6-9.
Millar WJ. Smoking prevalence among Canadian adolescents: a comparison of survey estimates. Can J Public Health 1985;76:33-37.
Valdés N, Sánchez S. El tabaco y las adolescentes: tendencias actuales. Washington, DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana; 1999.
Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 1998. México: SS; 1999.
Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2002. México: SS; 2003.
Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 1988. México: SS; 1990.
Tapia-Conyer R, Kuri-Morales J, Hoy-Gutiérrez MJ, Panorama epidemiológico del tabaquismo en México. Salud Publica Mex 2001;43:478-484.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing tobacco use among young people. A report of the Surgeon General, 1994. Atlanta, Georgia: Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health; 1994.
Combs RS, Seline R, Kozlowski LT. Age interacts with heaviness of smoking in predicting success in cessation of smoking. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:240-246.
Tyas LS, Pederson LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tob Control 1998;7:409-420.
Goodman E, McEwen BS, Dolan LM, Schefer-Kalkhpff T, Adler NE. Social disadvantage and adolescent stress. J Adolesc Health 2005;37:484-492.
Flay BR, Hu FB, Siddiqui O, Day LE, Hedeker D, Petraitis J, Richardson J, Sussman S. Differential influences of parental and friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking. J Soc Health Behav 1994;35(3):248-265.
Flay BR, Hu FB, Richardson J. Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Prev Med 1998;27:A9-A18.
Coll-Salvador C. Aprendizaje escolar y construcción del conocimiento. México: Paidós Mexicana; 2003.
Secretaría de Educación Pública, Subsecretaría de Servicios Educativos para el Distrito Federal, Dirección General de Planeación Educativa. Estadística de educación secundaria por delegación. Periodo escolar 1995-1996. México: SEP; 1997.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática. Cuaderno estadístico Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal. México: INEGI; 1998.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática. Cuaderno estadístico Municipio El Oro, Estado de México. México: INEGI; 1998.
Embriz A, Arce L, Malcom A, Ruiz L. Indicadores socioeconómicos de los pueblos indígenas de México. México: Dirección de Investigación y Promoción Cultural, Instituto Nacional Indigenista; 1993. p. 109-114.
Yamamoto-Kimura L, Posadas-Romero C, Posadas-Sánchez R, Zamora-González J, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Méndez-Ramírez I. Prevalence and interrelations of cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural Mexican adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2006;38:591-598.
López AD, Collishaw NE, Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob Control 1994;3:242-247.
Nazar A. Tapia R. León G. Medina ME. Factores asociados al consumo de drogas en adolescentes de áreas urbanas de México. Salud Publica Mex 1994; 36(6):646-654.
Azebedo A, Machado AP, Barros H. Consumo de tabaco entre estudiantes de secundaria portugueses. Bol OMS 1999;77:509-514.
Yang G, Ma J, Chen AP, Brown S, Taylor CE, Samet JM. Smoking among adolescents in China: 1998 survey findings. Int J Epidemiol 2004;33:1103-1110.
Lazcano-Ponce EC, Hernández-Ávila M. La epidemia de tabaquismo. Epidemiología, factores de riesgo y medidas de prevención. Salud Publica Mex 2002;44(Supl 1):S1-S2.
Covey LS, Tam D. Depressive mood, the singleparent home, and adolescent cigarette smoking. Am J Public Health 1990;80:1330-1333.
Turner RA, Irwin CE Jr, Millstein SG. Family Structure, family processes, and experimenting with substances during adolescence. J Res Adolesc 1991;1:93-106.
Dolcini MM, Adler NE, Ginsberg D. Factors influencing agreement between self reports and biological measures of smoking among adolescents. J Res Adolesc 1996;6:515-542.