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Medicina & Laboratorio

2010, Number 03-04

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2010; 16 (03-04)

Osteoporosis: enfoque clínico y de laboratorio

Molina RJF, González NLA

Language: Spanish
References: 80
Page: 111-140
PDF size: 789.63 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue that predisposes to an increased risk for fracture. Bone loss can occur as a result of an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. During the first years after menopause, women may have a rapid loss of bone. This early postmenopausal loss is mainly the result of increased osteoclast activity, placing women at a greater risk than men for osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporosis is diagnosed clinically or radiographically. Clinically osteoporosis may present with lowimpact fractures or fragility fractures; however, it is most commonly diagnosed with a T-score of -2,5 or below, as determined by a DEXA scan of the total hip, femoral neck or lumbar spine. Biochemical markers of bone turnover provide clinically useful evidence of the normal or pathologic processes that reflect bone cell activity in the skeleton, and can provide evidence of the efficacy of antiresorptive therapy. This module summarizes the basic aspects of bone physiology and the process that leads to bone loss. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of osteoporosis are discussed, as well as the diagnostic approach to the patient with bone loss. Finally, some strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis are briefly mentioned.


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