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Medicina & Laboratorio

2009, Number 07-08

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2009; 15 (07-08)

ABO blood group system

Arbeláez GCA

Language: Spanish
References: 71
Page: 329-347
PDF size: 799.11 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The discovery of the ABO blood group in 1900 by the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner in 1900, brought enthusiasm to the medical community at the time. Until then, blood was considered equal in all humans and the sometimes tragic consequences of blood transfusions were not understood. With the discovery of the ABO blood type, blood transfusions became more safe and allowed the study of one of the first hereditary characteristics to be discovered in humans. The ABO blood group system has also been useful in paternity studies, in forensic medicine and to anthropologists in the study of different populations. ABO blood group antigens are extremely important in transfusion medicine; they are the most immunogenic of all blood group antigens, making the ABO-incompatible transfusion the most common cause of deaths associated with the procedure. Despite their clinical importance, their physiological functions remain unclear. Numerous associations between some ABO phenotypes and certain conditions have been found; for instance, O blood type is associated with a higher risk of developing gastric ulcers, while A blood type is associated with a higher risk of developing gastric cancer. The present module reviews the genetic, biochemical, serological and laboratory characteristics of the ABO blood type, as well as their importance in transfusion medicine.


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