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Medicina & Laboratorio

2009, Number 01-02

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2009; 15 (01-02)

Fundamentals of blood banking and transfusion medicine

Arbeláez GCA

Language: Spanish
References: 64
Page: 37-68
PDF size: 1570.04 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Over 100 years have gone by since the discovery of the A, B, and O blood groups and until today there are 308 recognized antigens, 270 of which are clustered in 30 blood group systems. They are important as they allow blood transfusions with safety by means of simple tests such as the blood group analysis for ABO and Rh, compatibility testing and antibody screening in order to avoid alloimmunization of receptors. These tests, initially developed by Nobel price winner, Karl Lansteiner in 1930, paved the way for the development of today’s molecular biology assays that allow genotyping analysis of the fetus in pregnant women who have produced antibodies against blood antigens, blood typing of multiple transfused patients, detection of donors with low expression of D antigen, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and donor typing polymorphisms of clinical importance, among others. These series begin with the present module describing the genetic and immunological bases of blood groups and intends to take the reader across a fascinating journey to knowledge, to enjoy the study of blood typing, its antigens and antibodies, and their clinical importance. In the upcoming modules, hemolytic disease of the fetus and the newborn, hemolytic anemia diagnostic tests, transfusion reactions analysis, immunohematologic assays and their correct interpretation in order to provide appropriate elements for the proper clinical and surgical management of patients. Finally, serological studies of leukocytes and platelets will be addressed, as well as the laboratory assays and their clinical importance.


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