medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2000, Number 3

<< Back

Salud Mental 2000; 23 (3)

El estado de ánimo de la mujer durante su ciclo reproductivo

Huerta FMR

Language: Spanish
References: 63
Page: 52-60
PDF size: 138.56 Kb.


ABSTRACT

International and Mexican population findings repeatedly confirm that women diagnosed with mood disorders greatly tnumber men, being one of the most consistent findings in psychiatric research. The risk that women will experience an affective episode associated with her female gender, may be surpassed only by the high risk associated with a family history of affective disorders. Despite the clear association between gender and affective disorders, the causes are decidedly unclear. The reasons for this lack of understanding are complex, but stem largely from the limitations that have privented researchers from studying the specific vulnerability factors for mood disorders in women: a widely varying set of hypotheses that attempt to explain the suspected cause, incidence, symptoms, and comorbidities from various perspectives. Several complex factors, however have prevented attempting the study of why are so vulnerable to mood disorders. This prevented article examines the problems associated with the study of a ffective disorders in women and reviews the results of studies in the Mexican population comparing it with the international data. This article discusses the frequency and intensity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, non-specific symptoms of depression and self-esteem in the different biological stages of women’s life. The differences between the biology of men and women are described, and the potential biological, social, psychological, and environmental factors that might particularly promote the development of the women’s mood disorders are presented.


REFERENCES

  1. ALFONSO-FERNANDEZ: Psicosis y psicomatosis de la vida genital femenina. En: Fundamentos de la Psiquiatría actual, 4a. edición. Paz Montalvo, España, 664, 1979.

  2. ANGOLD A, WORTHMAN: Puberty onset of gender differences in rates of depression: a developmental, epidemiologic and neuroendrocrine perspective. J Affect Disord, 29:145-158, 1993.

  3. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4ª edición, Washington, 1994.

  4. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION: Diagnostic and Statiscal Manual for Mental Disorders, 3ª edición revisada, Washington, 1987.

  5. AVIS NE, BRAMBILA D, McKINLAY SM, VASS K: A longitudinal analysis of the association between menopause and depression: Results from the Massachusetts Women’s Health Study. Ann Epidemiol, 4:214-220, 1994.

  6. BANCROFT J, COOK A, WILLIAMSON L: Food craving, mood, and the menstrual cycle. Psychol Med, 18:855-60, 1998.

  7. BIEGON A, BERCOVITZ H, SAMUEL D: Serotonin receptor concentration during the estrous cycle of the rat. Brain Res, 187:221-5, 1980.

  8. BJORN P: The android women a risky condition. J Intern Med, 239: 105-110, 1996.

  9. BRIZUELA-GAMIÑO O, HUERTA R, MALACARA JM: Emotional changes at different stages of pubertal evelopment in girls. Program & Abstracts, 80 Anual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, p 1-239, 1998.

  10. CANALS J, MARTI-HENNEBERG, FERNANDEZ-BALLART J, DOMENECH E: A Longitudinal study of depression in an Urban Spanish Pubertal Population. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4:102-111,1995.

  11. CLAUDE BA, BAILEY C: Spatial ability, handedness, and human sexual orientation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20:789-819, 1995.

  12. COOKE DJ: A psychosocial study of the climacteric. En: Bione A, Wallance L (Eds). Psychology and Gynecological Problem. Tavistock Publications, pp. 243-265, Londres, 1984.

  13. COSTA MM, REUS VI, WOLKOWITZ RO, MANFREDI F, LIEBERMAN M: Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive decline in memory-impaired post-menopausal women. Biol Psychiatry, 46:182-188, 1999.

  14. DABBS JM HARGROVE MF: Age, testosterone, and behavior among female prison inmates. Psychosom Med, 59:447-480, 1997.

  15. DENNERSTEIN L, ASTBURY J, MORSE C: Psychosocial and Mental Health Aspects of Women’s Health. World Health Organization, Ginebra, 1993.

  16. DENNERSTEIN L, SMITH MA, MORSE CA, BURGER HG: Sexuality and the menopause. J Psychosom Obst Gynecol, 15:59-66, 1994.

  17. ELKIN M: Open trial for fluoxetine therapy for premenstrual syndrome. South Med J, 86:503-7, 1993.

  18. FISHER M, TRIELLER K, NAPOLITANO B: Premenstrual symptoms in adolescents. J Adolesc Health Care, 10:369-375, 1989.

  19. FREEMAN E, RICKELS K, SONDHEIMER SJ, POLANSKY M: Ineffectiveness of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome. JAMA, 264:349-353, 1990.

  20. FREEMAN E: Prevalence and risk factors of premenstrual syndrome. Clin Adv Psychiatr Disord, 7:13-16, 1993.

  21. GARCIA-CAMPOS ML, HUERTA R: Estado de ánimo, satisfacción marital, práctica sexual y perfil de hormonas de pacientes con DMNID y controles sin la enfermedad. Revista de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes (ALAD), Congreso de ALAD 10:104, 1998.

  22. GUTHRIE JR, DENNERSTEIN L, HOPPER JL, BURGER HG: Hot flushes, menstrual status, and hormone levels in a population-based sample of midlife women. Obstet Gynecol, 88:437-42, 1996.

  23. HALBREICH U: Premenstrual dysphoric disorders: A diversified cluster of vulnerability traits to depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 169-176, 1997.

  24. HERMAN SI, LESTER D: Phsycal symptoms of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in high school students. Adolescence, 29:525-541, 1994.

  25. HUERTA-FRANCO R, DIAZ DE LEON J, MALACARA JM: Knowledge and attitudes toward sexuality in adolescents and their association with the family and other factors. Adolescence, 31:179-191, 1996.

  26. HUERTA FR, MENA VA, MALACARA JM, DIAZ DE LEON J: Symptoms at perimenopausal period its association with attitudes toward sexuality, life-style, family function and FSH levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20:135-148, 1995.

  27. HUERTA R, MENA A, MALACARA JM, DIAZ DE LEON J: Symptoms at the menopausal years: Their relationship with insulin, glucose, cortisol, FSH, prolactin, obesity and attitudes toward sexuality. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20:851-864, 1995.

  28. HUERTA R, MALACARA JM, NAVA LE, FAJARDO M, BOCANEGRA A, SANCHEZ J: High frequency FSH and LH pulses in obese menopausal women. Endocrine, 7:281-286, 1997.

  29. HUERTA FR, NAVA EL, NAVA EM, MALACARA JM: Síntomas en mujeres perimenopáusicas y hombres de similar edad: su asociación con autoestima, actitudes a la sexualidad y satisfacción marital. XXXVI Reunión Anual de la Sociedad de Nutrición y Endocrinología. Programa General y Memorias, 19, 1996.

  30. HUERTA-FRANCO MR, MALACARA JM: Association of physical and emotional symptoms with the menstrual cycle and life-style. J Reprod Med, 34:448-454, 1993.

  31. HUERTA FR, MALACARA JM: Emociones y experiencia sexual en adolescentes. Este País, Tendencias y Opiniones, 86, mayo, 1998.

  32. HUERTA-FRANCO MR, MALACARA JM, RIVERACISNEROS A, DIAZ-CISNEROS JF: Síntomas en adolescentes de dos ciudades de México y su asociación con el ciclo menstrual. Ginecología y Obstetricia de México, 62:146-151, 1994.

  33. HUERTA R, DEWAILLY D, DECANTER C, KNOCHENHAUER ES, BOOTS LR: 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione and delta 5-androstenediol as markers of adrenal androgen production in patients with 21-hydroxylasedeficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia. Fertil Steril, 72:996-1000, 1999.

  34. HUERTA R, DEWAILLY D, DECANTER C, KNOCHENHAUER ES, BOOTS LR: Adrenocortical hyper-responsivity to ACTH: A mechanism favoring the normal production of cortisol (F) in 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficient non-classic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH). Fertil Steril (en prensa).

  35. JICK H, PORTER J, MORRISON SA: Relation between smoking and age of natural menopause. Lancet, 1:1354-1355, 1977.

  36. JOHNSON SR: The epidemiology and social impact of premenstrual symptoms. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 30:367-376, 1987.

  37. KOMESAROFF PA, ESLER MD, SUDHIR K: Estrogen supplementation attenuates glucocoticoid and catecholamine responses to mental stress in perimenopausal women. J Clinic Endocrinol Metab, 84:606-610, 1999.

  38. LACKOVIC-GRGIN K, DEKOVIC M, OPACIC G: Puberal status, interaction with significant others, and self-esteem of adolescents girls. Adolescence, 29:691-699, 1994.

  39. LOPEZ-LOPEZ R, HUERTA R, MALACARA JM: Age at menopause in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Menopause, 6:174-178, 1999.

  40. MAJEWSKA MD, HARRISON NL, SCWARTZ RD, BARKER JL, PAUL SM: Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor. Science, 232:1004-7, 1986.

  41. MALACARA JM, HUERTA R, RIVERA B, ESPARZA S, FAJARDO ME: Menopause in normal and uncomplicate NIDDM women: physical and emotional symptoms and hormone profile. Maturitas, 28:35-45, 1997.

  42. MARANTINES D: Manegement of polycystic ovary syndrome. Nurse Pract, 22:34-38, 1997.

  43. MECZEKALSKI B, WARENIK-SZYMANKIEWICZ A: Betaendorphin physiologic role and menstrual cycle disorders. Ginekol Pol, 66:586-95, 1995.

  44. MENKENS DB, COATES DEC, FAWCETT JP: Acute tryotophan depletion aggravates premenstrual syndrome. J Affect Disord, 32:37-44, 1994.

  45. MORTOLA JF: Premenstrual Syndrome. Pathophysiologic considerations. N Ing J Med, 338: 256-257, 1998.

  46. MORTOLA JF, GIRTON L, FISCHER U: Successful treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome by combined use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and estrogen/progestin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 72:252A-252F, 1991.

  47. MORTOLA JF, LIU JH, GILLINS JC, RASMUSSED DD, YEN SS: Pulsatile rhythms of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in women with endogenous depression evidence for increased ACTH pulse frequency. J Clin Endo Metab, 65:962-968, 1987.

  48. MYER SW, BURKET RC, LYLES WB, STONE L, KEMPH JP: DSM-III diagnoses and offenses in committed female juvenile delinquents. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law, 18:47-54, 1990.

  49. PARRY BL, BERGA SL, MOSTOFI N, KLAUBER MR, RESNICK A: Plasma melatonin circadian rhythms during the menstrual cycle and after light therapy in premenstrual dysphoric disorder and normal control subjects. J Biol Rhythms, 12:47-64, 1997.

  50. PARRY BL, EHLERS CL, MOSTOFI N, y cols.: Personality traits in LLPDD and normal controls during follicular and luteal menstrual-cycle phases. Psychol Med, 26:197-202, 1996.

  51. PATTON GC, HIBBERT ME, CARLIN J, SHAO Q, ROSIER M, CAUST J, BOWES G: Menarche and the onset of depression and anxiety in Victoria, Australia. J Epidemiol Community Health, 50:661-666, 1996.

  52. PEARLSTEIN TB: Hormones and depression: What are the facts about premenstrual syndrome, menopause and hormone replacement therapy? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173:646-653, 1995.

  53. RESNICK: Early androgen effects on aggression in children and adults with congenital adrenal hiperplasia. Psychoneuroendocrinol, 22:505-15, 1997.

  54. ROBBINS DR, ALESS NE: Depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Am J Psychiatry, 145-588-592, 1985.

  55. ROSELLI CE, ABDELGADIR SE, RESKO JA: Regulation of aromatase gene expression in the adult rat brain. Brain Res Bull, 44:351-7, 1997.

  56. SAYEGH R, SHIFF I, WURTMAN J, SPIERS P, McDERMOTT J, WURTMAN R: The effect of a Carbohydrate-rich beverage on mood, appetite, and cognitive function in women with premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol, 86:520-528, 1995.

  57. SHEAR MK: Anxiety disorders in women: Gender related modulation of neurobiology and behavior. Semin Reprod Endocrinol, 15:69-76, 1997.

  58. STEINER M, WILKINS A: Diagnosis and assessment of premenstrual dysphoria. Psychiatr Ann, 26:571-575, 1996.

  59. SCHMIDT PT, NIEMAN LK, DANACEAU MA, ADAMS LF, RUBINOW DR: Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome. New Eng J Clinic Med, 338:209-216, 1998.

  60. VAN GOOZEN SHM, COHEN-KETTENIS PT, GOOREN LJ, FRIJDA NH, VAN DE POLL NE: Gender differences in behavior: Activating effects of cross-sex hormones. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20:343-363, 1995.

  61. WOODS NF, MITCHELL ES, LENTZ MJ: Social pathway to premenstrual symptoms. Res Nurs Health, 18:225-237, 1995.

  62. WOODS S, MORTOLA J, CHAN Y-F, MOOSSAZADEH F, YAN S: Treatment of premenstrual syndrome and fluoxetine: A double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Obstet Gynecol, 80:339-344, 1992.

  63. WOLLERSHEIM JP: Depression, women and the workplace. Occup Med, 8:787-795, 1993.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com