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2001, Number 3

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Salud Mental 2001; 24 (3)

Nuevas aproximaciones al problema del miembro fantasma

López-Ávila A, Pellicer F

Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page: 29-34
PDF size: 119.53 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The present work analyzes the recent hypothesis related with phantom limb (PL) genesis. This alteration is characterized by the sensation presented by people who suffer limb amputation or nerve avulsion, and consists in the perception, with a high grade of reality, that the limb is still present. The first studies related with the genesis of this phenomenon are controversial. Some authors state that the phantom limb is generated in the amputated limb while others propose its genesis as a central phenomenon. One of the first proposals states that the PL is generated by ectopic discharges of the injured nerve or neuroma. Recent works situate the genesis of PL as the result of a high grade of encephalization, moreover, as a cognitive affective process based on the somatosensorial representation in the cortex and in other cerebral nuclei. One of the hypothesis is the concept of the neuromatrix. It states the existence of a neural network that is genetically determined as well as distributed in several brain areas , that subserves body sensation. Another hypothesis is “the remapping hypothesis of the brain sensations”, which suggests that the genesis of the phantom limb is due to the quick and precise cortical reorganization after deaferentation. Our group has developed another hypothesis which points out the genesis of the phantom limb in the place of the neural damage, and explains its persistence by a basic physiological mechanism of potentation in the cerebral areas.


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