Osorio-Arce MM, Segura-Correa JC, Osorio-Arce DA, Marfil-Acevedo AA

Language: Spanish
References: 13
Page: 217-227
PDF size: 43.99 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Cattle production is a very important industry in the state of Yucatan, because it uses approximately one third of the total land, forage resources and agroindustrial byproducts. Some institutions have realized surveys on cattle production in Yucatan; however, those studies were directed to beef production.The objective of this study was to characterize the milk production system in the state of Yucatan, Mexico.
Material and methods. The state was divided into three regions according to the type of soil and predominant agricultural activities: Central (C), Eastern (E) and Southern (S) regions. A census was carried out from July to August in 1996 applying a questionaire to the 159 known farmers. The information was analyzed through measures of central tendency.
Results. The number of milk producers in the central, eastern and southern regions were 36, 91 and 32, respectively. Only 5 of all the farms studied had a specialized milk production system, and contributed to 21% of total milk production (18611 L.), localized in the C region. Dual purpose cattle system used mainly F1 cows (Zebu x Hostein or Brown Swiss) basically fed with grass, and milked with the calf at foot. Fifty four percent of the milking cows registered were in production. Heifers and growing females constituted 12.4% and 9.0% of the total population, and the calves, 27.3%. Average sizes of farms(ha) and herds(cows) were: 10 and 20, for the C region, 55 and 20 for the O regio, and 30 and 15 for the S region. Grasses used were: Guinea (Panicum maximum) and Star -grass (Cynodon plectostachyus). Taiwan (Pennisetum spp) was the grass most used under irrigation. The use of vaccines and medications were generalized in the three regions (›90%). Total milk production (based on a one day survey) was of 7819 L in the C region, 8522 L. in the O region and 2270 L. in the S region. Average litres of milk per cow were: 6.3 L for the C region, 5.6 Lts for the O región and 5.7 L. in the S regions.
Conclusion. Differences in management and production among regions were found. The main problems of milk production is comercialization.

REFERENCES

1. INEGI. VII Censo Agrícola-Ganadero. Aguascalientes: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática; 1991. p. 1-375.

2. Anónimo. Investigación de mercado sobre el consumo familiar e industrial de leche y sus derivados en el estado de Yucatán. Mérida: Secretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Desarrollo Integral Lechero, S.A. de C.V; 1996. p. 1-105.

3. Segura JC. Diagnóstico de la Ganadería Bovina del Estado de Yucatán. Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias. Colegio Superior Agricultura Tropical. H. Cárdenas, Tabasco, México. 1980.

4. IMTA-UNAM. Diagnóstico y Estrategías de Desarrollo de la Producción Bovina Lechera en la Península de Yucatán. México: Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua-Universidad Autónoma de México. 1992. p. 1-108.

5. Anderson S, Santos J, Boden R, Wadsworth J. Characterization of cattle production systems in the state of Yucatan. Proc. Dual Purpose Cattle Production Research. International Foundation for Science. Mérida, Yucatán, México, 23-27 March 1992. pp. 150-161.

6. Aranda E, Osorio MM. Valor y limitantes nutricionalesde los pastos tropicales. En Osorio M, ed: Manual de Producción Bovina de Doble Propósito (Leche y Carne) en el Trópico “La Rejeguería”. Villahermosa: Instituto del Trópico Húmedo de Tabasco, Gobierno del Estado. Vol. I; 1996. p. 38-51.

7. Melendez F. Conceptos sobre el manejo de praderas tropicales. En Osorio M, ed: Manual de Producción Bovina de Doble Propósito (Leche y Carne) en el Trópico “La Rejeguería”. Villahermosa: Instituto del Trópico Húmedo de Tabasco, Gobierno del Estado. Vol. I; 1996 p. 23-37.

8. Stonaker HH, Villar J, Osorio G, Salazar J. Differences among cattle and farms as related to beef cow reproduction in the eastern plains of Colombia. Trop Anim Hlth Prod 1976; 8:147-54.

9. Voh AA Jr , Otchere EO. Reproductive performance of zebu cattle under traditional agropastoral management in Northern Nigeria. Anim Reprod Sci 1989; 19: 191-203.

10. Cervantes N, Choisis JP, Bouchier A, Lhoste Ph. Une typologie des elevages bovins del Ètat de Colima au Mexique: premiere étape du diagnostic. Rev Elev Méd Vét Pays Trop 1986; 39: 21-8.

11. Rodríguez MA, Maranto IR, Rueda MB, Roman H. Memoria de la VI Evaluación Anual del Programa Ganadero Tepetzintla. INIFAP, SARH. Tepetzintla, Veracruz; 1989. p. 45.

12. Vaccaro L. Sistemas de producción bovina predominante en el trópico latinoamericano. En: Panorama de la Ganadería de Doble Propósito en América Tropical. ICACIAT, Bogotá, Colombia; 1989; p. 29-43.

13. Vaccaro L, Vaccaro R, Verde O, Alvarez R, Mejías H, Ríos L, Romero E. Características productivas en la evaluación de explotaciones y vacas en sistema de doble propósito. Turrialba 1992; 42: 14-22.