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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2003, Number 3

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Rev Biomed 2003; 14 (3)

Hepatitis E virus

Quintana-González A

Language: Spanish
References: 191
Page: 165-189
PDF size: 100.63 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The hepatitis E virus (HEV), a possible new Caliciviridae family integrant, is a non-enveloped virus, with a single-strand positive-sense RNA molecule which has three overlapping open reading frames that encode all structural and non-structural viral proteins needed for its intracellular replication cycle. It is predominantly transmitted by the faecal-oral route, usually through contaminated water. This viral agent is one of six viruses able to cause clinical viral hepatitis in humans. It is also able to provoke severe viral hepatitis in pregnant women causing up to 20% mortality. This virus shows a worldwide distribution, although it is highly endemic in the Indian sub-continent, Southeast and Central Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Africa reporting the biggest and most important HEV outbreaks. After many years of studying the HEV molecular epidemiology, both epidemic and non-epidemic HEV strains have been reported, the latter causing many sporadic cases in developed countries. Human HEV strains have shown a close genetic relation with swine, rats, and chicken HEV isolates, suggesting that hepatitis E is a possible zoonotic disease. Antigenic variety does not seem to be as wide as the genetic variability found among all HEV strains. However, different vaccine candidates have not clearly shown an immunological protection against all HEV genotypes. Thus, the most effective mode of preventing HEV outbreaks is the use of clean water and proper sanitation. This review tries to summarize the current knowledge about the molecular and biological structure of the virus, as well as the epidemiology and diagnosis of the infection, and shows the incidence of hepatitis E in different regions of the world.


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