Goldaracena-Azuara M, Calderón HJ, Cruz ME, Vargas MJM, Mondragón-González R, Cruz M, Torres RL, Aradillas-García C

Language: Spanish
References: 54
Page:
PDF size: 91.76 Kb.

Text Extraction

nsulin resistance seems to be the result of a low grade of inflammation state as well in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Actually, type 2 diabetes and obesity have been increased in children. We are interested in assessing the possible association between insulin resistance and IL-6 levels in a randomly selected enfant population. 184 children (100 girls), between 6-12 years old, were selected randomly from Elementary Public Schools of San Luis Potosí City, México. We score the anthropometric data: age, weight, high, BMI and ICC. Blood samples were withdraw after 12 h fasting to measure glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins (HDL-C) y (LDL-C). Insulin concentrations were determined by radio-immune analysis. The insulin resistance index was evaluated by HOMA-IR. and IL-6 concentrations were measured by chemoluminescence. IL-6 values are associated with insulin levels (r = 0.144, p‹0.051), cholesterol (r = 0.145, p‹0.052), BMI (r = 0.170, p‹0.021), HDL-C (r = -0.180, p‹0.01) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.142, p‹0.055). IL-6 quantification shows to be a good tool to early identifying the inflammation degree associated with insulin resistance in Mexican children population.

REFERENCES

1. Sánchez-Recalde A and J. Kaski 2001 Diabetes mellitus, inflamación ateroesclerosis coronaria: perspectiva actual y futura. Rev Esp Cardiol; 54:751-763.

2. Ross R. 1999. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. New England Jornal of Medicine 340:115-126.

3. Warram J, B Martin, A Krolewski, J Soeldner and C Kahn 1990. Slow glucose removal rate and hyperinsulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in offspring of diabetic parents. Ann Intern Med;113:909-912.

4. Grundy S. 1999. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol; 83: F25.

5. Festa A, R D’Agostina, G Howard, L Mykkanen, R Tracy and S Hafner 2000. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Circulation; 102:42-47.

6. Recansens M, W Ricart and J Fernández-Real 2004. Obesidad e inflamación. Rev Med Univ Navarra; 48: 49-52.

7. Cruz M, R García-Macedo, Y García-Valerio, M Gutierrez, R Medina-Navarro, G Duran, N Wacher and J Kumate, 2004. Low adiponectin levels predict type 2 diabetes in mexican children. Diabetes Care;1451-1453.

8. Shoelson SE, J Lee aand AB Goldfine 2006. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest; 116:1793-1801.

9. Spranger J, A Kroke, M Mohlig, K Hoffman, MM Bergman, M Ristow, H Boeing and FH Pfeiffer 2003 Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: results of the prospective population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Postdam study. Diabetes; 52: 812-817.

10. Eldor R and I Raz 2006. Lipotoxicity versus adipotoxicity- The deleterious effects of adipose tissue ob beta cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.; 74:S3-S9.

11. Mohamed-Ali V, JH Pinkney and SW Coppack 1998. Adipose tissue as an endocrine and paracrine organ. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord; 22: 1145-1158.

12. Fried SK, DA Bunkin and AS Greenberg 1998. Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 83: 847-850.

13. Bastard JP, C Jardel, E Bruckert, P Blondy, J Capeau, M Laville, H Vidal and B Hainque 2000. Elevated levels of interleukin 6 are reduced in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:3338-3342.

14. Bastard JP, M Maachi, JT Van Nhieu, C Jardel, E Bruckert, A Grimaldi, JJ Robert, J Capeau and B Hainque 2002. Adipose tissue IL-6 content correlates with resistance to insulin activation of glucose uptake both in vivo and in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 2084-2089.

15. Nonogaki K, GM Fuller, NL Fuentes, AH Moser, I Staprans, C Grunfeld and KR Feingold 1995. Interleukin-6 stimulates hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats. Endocrinology; 136: 2143-2149.

16. Senn JJ, PJ Klover, IA Nowak and RA Mooney 2002. Interleukin-6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Diabetes; 51:3391-3399.

17. Sandler S, K Bendtzen, DL Elzirik and M Welsh 1990. Interleukin-6 affects insulin secretion and glucose metabolism of rat pancreatic islets in vitro. Endocrinol; 126: 1288-1294.

18. Ortega- Camarillo C, AM Guzmán-Grenfell, R García-Macedo, AM Rosales-Torres, A Avalos-Rodríguez, A Duran-Reyes, R Medina-Navarro, M Cruz, M Díaz-Flores y J Kumate 2006 Hyperglycemia induces apoptosis end p53 mobilization to mitochondria in RINm5F cells. Mol Cell Biochem;281:161-163.

19. Pickup JC and D Fracpath 2004. Inflammation and Activated Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care; 27: 813 -823.

20. Visser M, LM Bouter, GM McQuillan, MH Vener andTB Harris TB 2001. Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children. Pediatrics. 2001; 107:13-16.

21. American Diabetes Association 2002. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care; 23:126 -137.

22. Barlow SE and WH Dietz 1998. Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee Recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. Pediatrics; 102: E29.

23. Idem.

24. Garrow J and J Webster 1985. Quetelets index mass a measure of fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord; 9:147-152.

25. Vargas A, S Bastarrachea, M Laviada, B Gonzalez y R Avila 1999. Obesidad en México, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud; UAY; 2:27.

26. Marshall W and J Tanner 1969. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch. Dis. Child. 1969; 44:291-303..

27. Marshall W and J Tanner 1970. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys1970. Arch. Dis. Child, 45: 13-23.

28. Cole T, M Bellizzi, K Flegal and W Dietz 2000. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide. International Survey; 3:320-323.

29. Zambrano Archirica F. 1996. El radioinmunoanálisis y su control de calidad Cortesía de Internacional energía nuclear. México; 3:52.

30. Matthews D, J Hosker, A Rudenski, B Naylor, D Treacher and R Turner 1985. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and b-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia; 28:412.

31. Weeks, J and J.S. Woodhead 1991. Chemiluminiscence immunoassays in Principles. and Practice of Immunoassay (Price, C. P. and Newman, D.J., eds.), 2nd ed Stockton Press, New York

32. Idem.

33. Cole T, et. al, Op. Cit.

34. Reaven GM, YD Chen, CB Hollenbeck, WH Sheu, D Ostrega and KS Polonsky 1993. Plasma insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin concentrations in obese and no obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 76: 44-48.

35. Idem.

36. Arslanian SA, C Suprasonsin and JE Janosky 1997. Insulin secretion and sensitivity in black vs white prepubertal healthy children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1923-1927.

37. Cole T, et. al, Op. cit.

38. Murphy M, B Metcalf, L Voss, A Jeffery, K Kirkby, K Mallam and T Wilkin 2004. Girls at five are intrinsically more resistance than boys; the programming hypothesis revisited-The early study (Early Bird 6). Pediatrics; 113:82.

39. Weiss R, J Dziura, T Burget, W Tamborlane and S Tarksali 2004. Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and adolescents. NEJM; 350(23):2362-74.

40. Travers S, B Jeffers, C Bloch, J Hill and R Eckel 1995. Gender and Tanner stager differences in body composition and insulin sensitive in early puberal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab Care; 80:172

41. Arslanian S and Ch Suprasongsin 1996. Insulin sensitivity, lipids and body composition in childhood: Is syndrome X present?. J Clin Endocrinol and Metab; 81:1058-1062.

42. Hoffman RP, P Vicini, WI Sivitz and C Cobelli 2000. Puberal adolescent Male-female differences in insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness determinate by the one compartment minimal model. Pediat Res; 48: 384-388.

43. Escalante-Carvajal E, E De la Cruz-Mendoza, E Tenorio-Govea, J Flores-Sanchez, B Torres-Rubalcaba y C Aradillas 2005. Historia familiar de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 y su asociación con resistencia a la insulina y componentes del síndrome metabólico en población infantil de San Luis Potosí. Bioquimia 30: (SuppA). p 130.

44. Goran MI, RN Bergmann and BA Gower 2001. Influence of total vs visceral fat on insulin action and secretion in African American and with children. Obes Res; 9: 423-431.

45. Pickup JC and D Fracpath, Op.cit.

46. Sánchez-Recalde A and J. Kaski, Op.cit.

47. 47 Pankow JS, DR Jacobs, J Steinberg, A Moran and AR Sinaiko 2004. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children of parents with the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome. Diabetes Care; 27: 775-780.

48. Wellen K and G Hotamisligil 2003. Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest; 112:1785.

49. Desideri, G, M De Simone, L Lughetti, T Rosato, M Lezzi, M Marinucci, V Cofini, G Croce, G Passacquale, S Necozione and C Ferri 2005 Early Activation of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Platelets in Obese Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 90:3152.

50. Hyppönen E, CH Power and GD Smith 2003. Prenatal grow. BMI and risk of type 2 diabetes by early midlife. Diabetes Care; 26: 2512 -2516.

51. Escalante-Carvajal E, et al, Op. cit.

52. Warram J, et al, Op. cit.

53. Hyppönen E, et al, Op. cit.

54. Dogan Y, S Akarsu, B Ustundag, E Yilmaz and MK Gurgoze 2006. Serum IL-1b and IL-6 in insulin-dependent diabetic children. Mediator of Inflammation; 2006(1) 59206: 1-6.