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ISSN 0210-5187 (Electronic)

2008, Number 6

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Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2008; 36 (6)

Infections caused by Malassezia sp

Torres E, Arenas R, Atoche-Diéguez C

Language: Spanish
References: 47
Page: 265-284
PDF size: 430.72 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The yeast from the gender Malassezia sp, previously called Pityrosporum are found as part of the microbiota of the skin and 92 to 100% of them have been isolated from healthy people. The taxonomy of the gender has been controversial since it was named M. furfur. These opportunistic yeasts are related with some human and animal (mamifers) diseases and can also cause systemic infections. According to the body site, different species have been isolated. From the trunk M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. furfur and M. sloofiae; while in the scalp M. retricta has also been isolated, followed by M. globosa and M. sypodialis. The causal agents in pytiriasis versicolor are M. globosa (97%), associated to M. sympodialis in one third of the cases and rarely M. sloffiae (7%) and M. furfur. For years Malassezia furfur traditionally was considered the etiological agent. In the spectrum of the infections cause by these gender we found: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD), folliculitis, septicemia, neonatal pustulosis, confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, onychomycosis, seborrheic blepharitis atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. There is a relationship with non dermatologicalentities such as dacryocyctis, otitis, sinusitis, intersticial pneumonia, peritonitis and septicemia. Pityriasis versicolor is a worldwide mycosis, representing 5% of all them. The frequency in warm climates is up to 32-50% o the cases, mainly seen in adults between 20 to 30 years of age. As diagnostic tools one uses the Wood s light and the direct microscopic exam but the culture is not necessary for the diagnosis. Now days there are molecular techniques such as analysis of cariotypification RFLP, RNAr and DNA sequences and physiological characteristics such as the assimilation of different sources of lipids. For prophylaxis it is recommended adequate hygiene, the use of cotton absorbent cloth and frequent changes; avoid sweating as well as the control of underling diseases such as diabetes. The treatments are variable, but it is always mandatory to eliminate predisposing factors.


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