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2005, Number 1

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Med Sur 2005; 12 (1)

The role of serotonin on alcohol dependence. Clinical implications

Contreras CNA, Mancillas ALG

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 3-10
PDF size: 99.49 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) is formed by the hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan. The greatest concentration of 5HT (90%) is found in the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the remainder of the body’s 5HT is found in platelets and the CNS. The effects of 5HT are felt most prominently in the cardiovascular system, with additional effects in the respiratory system, the intestines and addictive behaviour. Vasoconstriction is a classic response to the administration of 5HT. Neurons that secrete 5HT are termed serotonergic. Following the release of 5HT, a portion is taken back up by the presynaptic serotonergic neuron in a manner similar to that of the reuptake of norepinephrine. The function of serotonin is exerted upon its interaction with specific receptors. Several serotonin receptors have been cloned and are identified as 5HT1, 5HT2, 5HT3, 5HT4, 5HT5, 5HT6, and 5HT7. Most of these receptors are coupled to G-proteins that affect the activities of either adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C. The 5HT3 class of receptors are ion channels. The 5HT2A receptors mediate platelet aggregation and smooth muscle contraction. The 5HT2C receptors are suspected in control of food intake. The 5HT3 receptors are present in the gastrointestinal tract and are related to vomiting. Also present in the gastrointestinal tract are 5HT4 receptors where they function in secretion and peristalsis. The 5HT6 and 5HT7 receptors are distributed throughout the limbic system of the brain and the 5HT6 receptors have high affinity for antidepressant drugs that have a great utility in the addictive behaviour treatment.


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