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Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología y Archivos de la Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México

2007, Number 1

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Rev Mex Oftalmol 2007; 81 (1)

Alteraciones oculares asociadas con el síndrome alcohólico fetal

Prado SA, Prieto OM

Language: Spanish
References: 49
Page: 1-6
PDF size: 478.16 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is characterized by pre and postnatal growth retardation, mental and motor alterations and malformations of different organs, being the most typical the facial anomalies. Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is thought to play a critical role in the development of the brain and the visual cortex in particular, some of the key factors involved in neocortical plasticity include N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, GABAA receptors importantly, and alcohol exposure may induce substantial and long-lasting functional alterations of each of these factors.
The abnormalities most typically associated with alcohol teratogenicity can be grouped in four categories: central nervous system dysfunctions; growth deficiencies; a characteristic cluster of facial abnormalities and variable minor and major malformations.
The ocular involvement in FAS occurring in the outer eye region is ptosis and strabismus. Vision is severely affected. Abnormalities of the eyes anterior and media segments consist of microcornea, shallow anterior chamber and congenital glaucoma, cataract and persistent hyaloid artery.
The most frequent abnormalities that occur in retinal fundus consists of hypoplasia of the optic nerve head and an increase in the tortuosity of the arteries and veins.
The FAS in Mexico has not been documented yet. The purpose of this article is to summarize the medical experience with the ocular features of ethyl alcohol teratogenesis to aid in the early recognition of those people affected and to facilitate appropriate family preventive counselling and rehabilitation.


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