medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2002, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2002; 44 (2)

Epidemiology of drug resistance: The case of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections

Calderón-Jaimes E, Espinosa MLE, Avila-Beltrán R

Language: English
References: 23
Page: 108-112
PDF size: 40.06 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To study the activity of several antibiotics against Staphylococcus spp. Material and Methods. The study included 1209 strains of Staphylococcus spp. from two institutions; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (National Institute of Pediatrics) and Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (Mexico City Children’s Hospital). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of all antibiotics were determined by the agar macrodilution technique and standard methods from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results. Resistance of S. aureus was 14.2% and that of coagulase-negative staphylococci was 53.4%. The activity of different antibiotics is presented in detail. Conclusions. Surveillance of strains resistant to methicillin is necessary.


REFERENCES

  1. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infection. N Engl J Med 1998;320: 520-532.

  2. Crossley KB, Archer GL, ed. The staphylococci in human diseases. Nueva York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997.

  3. Archer GL. Staphylococcus aureus: A well-armed pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:1179-1181.

  4. Conterno LO, Wey SB, Castelo A. Risk factors for mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:32-37.

  5. Romero-Vivas J, Rubio M, Fernández C, Picazo JJ. Mortality associated with nosocomial bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:1417-1423.

  6. Musher OM, Lamm N, Daroniche RO, Young EJ, Hamill RJ, Landon GC. The current spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a tertiary care hospital. Medicine (Baltimore) 1994;73:186-208.

  7. Bone RC. Gram-positive organisms and sepsis. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:26-34.

  8. Witte W. Antibiotic resistance in gram-positive bacteria: Epidemiologic aspects. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;44 (Suppl A): 1-9.

  9. Kloos WE, Bannerman TL. Update on clinical significance of coagulasenegative staphylococci. Clin Microbial Rev 1994;7:117-140.

  10. Viagappan N, Kelsey MC. The origin of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures. J Hosp Infect 1995;30:217-223.

  11. Raad L, Alrahwan A, Rolston K. Staphylococcus epidermidis: Emerging resistance and need for alternative agents. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:1182-1187.

  12. Rupp ME, Archer GL. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: Pathogens associated with medical progress. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:231-243.

  13. Waldvogel FA. New resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 1999;340:556-557.

  14. Chambers HF. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci. Molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997;10: 781-791.

  15. Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, Sader HS, Kugler KC, Beach ML et al. Survey of bloodstream infections due to gram-positive cocci: Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;33:283-297.

  16. Schwalbe RS, Stapleton JT, Gilligan PH. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci. N Engl Med 1987;316: 927-931.

  17. Kloos WK, Bannerman TL. Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. En: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, ed. Manual of clinical microbiology. 7th ed. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press, 1999: 264-282.

  18. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically: Approved Standard. 5th ed. Wayne (PA): National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2000; NCCLS document M7-A5.

  19. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Tenth informational supplement Wayne (PA): National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2000; M100-S10.

  20. Emory TG, Gaynes RP. An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 1993;6: 428-442.

  21. Fridkin SK, Steward CD, Edwards JR, Pryor EE, Mc Gowan JE, Archivald LK et al. Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in the United States hospitals: Project ICARE phase 2. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 245-252.

  22. Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller JM, Shah S. In vitro activity of RP59500 a new semisynthetic antibiotic, against gram-positive bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 30 (Suppl A):27-37.

  23. Stevens DL, Smith LG, Bruss JB, McConnell-Martin MA, Duvall SE, Todd WM et al. Randomized comparison of Linezolid (PNU-100766) versus oxacillin-dicloxacillin for treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 3408-4813.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com