2002, Number 3
<< Back Next >>
salud publica mex 2002; 44 (3)
The importance of prostaglandins in hepatic amebiasis.
Sánchez-Ramírez B, Talamás-Rohana P
Language: Spanish
References: 81
Page: 247-257
PDF size: 303.62 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Prostaglandins are important mediators of inflammation; they also play a role in the regulation of both lymphocyte and macrophage functions. Hamster’s liver lesions resulting from intraportal or intrahepatic inoculation of living Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites are characterized by an acute inflammatory response, where trophozoites are successively surrounded by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Incapability of these cells to counteract amebic invasion has been demonstrated in some studies. Prostaglandin E
2 (PGE
2) has potent effects on immune cells; its participation in amebic liver abscess has been reported recently. This paper presents a review of recent discoveries on biochemical mediators produced during inflammation due to
Entamoeba histolytica infection, and their possible role in establishing the host’s immune response.
REFERENCES
Evans SW, Whicher JT. An overview of the inflammatory process. En: Whicher JT, Evans SW, ed. Biochemistry of inflammation. Londres: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992:1-17.
Councilman WT, Lafleur HA. Amoebic dysentery. Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep 1891;2:395-548.
Tsutsumi V, Mena-López R, Anaya-Velázquez F, Martínez-Palomo A. Cellular bases of experimental amebic liver abscess formation. Am J Pathol 1984; 117:81-91.
Chadee K, Meerovitch E. The pathogenesis of experimentally induced amebic liver abscess in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Am J Pathol 1984; 117:71-80.
Griffin JL. Human amebic dysentery. Electron microscopy of Entamoeba histolytica contacting, ingesting, and digesting inflammatory cells. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1972;21:895-906.
Martínez-Palomo A, Tsutsumi V, Anaya-Velázquez F, González-Robles A. Ultraestructure of experimental intestinal invasive amebiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989;41(3):273-279.
Guerrant RL, Brush J, Ravdin JI, Sullivan JA, Mandell GL. Interaction between Entamoeba histolytica and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Infect Dis 1981;143:83-93.
Salata RA, Ravdin JI. Review of the human immune mechanisms directed against Entamoeba histolytica. Rev Infect Dis 1986;8(2):269-273.
Vane JR, Botting RM. A better understanding of anti-inflammatory drugs based on isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). Adv Prostaglandin Thromb Leuk Res 1995;23:41-48.
Holtzman MJ, Turk J, Shornick LP. Identification of a pharmacologically distinct prostaglandin H synthase in cultured epithelial cells. J Biological Chem 1992;267:21438-21445.
O’Neill GP, Ford-Hutchinson AW. Expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase- 1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human tissues. FEBS Lett 1993;330:156-160.
Spencer AG, Woods JW, Arakawa T, Singer II, Smith WL. Subcellular localization of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases 1 and 2 by immunoelectron microscopy. J Biol Chem 1998;273:9886-9893.
O’Sullivan MG, Huggins Jr EM, Meade EA, DeWitt DL, McCall CE. Lipopolysaccharide induces prostaglandin H synthase-2 in alveolar macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;187:1123-1127.
Kujubu DA, Fletcher BS, Varnum BC, Lim RW, Herschman HR. TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase homologue. J Biol Chem 1991;266:12866-12872.
Zhang F, Warskulat U, Wettstein M, Schreiber R, Henninger HP, Decker K et al. Hyperosmolarity stimulates prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase- 2 expression in activated rat liver macrophages. Biochem J 1995;312:135-143.
Niiro H, Otsuka T, Izuhara K, Yamaoka K, Ohshima K, Tanabe T et al. Regulation by interleukin-10 and Interleukin-4 of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human neutrophils. Blood 1997;89:1621-1628.
Iñiguez MA, Punzón C, Fresno M. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 on activated T lymphocytes: Regulation of T Cell activation by cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors. J Immunol 1999;163:111-119.
Murakami M, Naraba H, Tanioka T, Semmyo N, Nakatani Y, Kojima F et al. Regulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by inducible membraneassociated prostaglandin E2 synthase that acts in concert with cyclooxygenase- 2. J Biol Chem 2000;275(42):32783-32792.
Schad V, Phipps RP. Prostaglandin E2-dependent induction of B cells unresponsiveness. J Immunol 1989;143:2127-2132.
Roper RL, Brown DM, Phipps RP. Prostaglandin E2 promotes B lymphocyte Ig isotype switching to IgE. J Immunol 1995;154:162-170.
Betz M, Fox BS. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits production of Th1 lymphokines but not of Th2 lymphokines. J Immunol 1991;146:108-113.
Hilkens CM, Vermeulen H, Joost van Neerven RJ, Snijdewint FGM, Wierenga EA, Kapsenberg ML. Differential modulation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine secretion by prostaglandin E2 critically depends on interleukin-2. Eur J Immunol 1995;25:59-63.
Anastassiou ED, Paliogianni F, Balow JP, Yamada H, Boumpas DT. Prostaglandin E2 and other cyclic AMP-elevating agents modulate IL-2 and IL2Ra gene expression at multiple levels J Immunol 1992;148:2845-2852.
Phipps RP, Stein SH, Roper RL. A new view of protaglandin E2 regulation of the immune response. Immunol Today 1992;12(10):349-352.
Van Der Pouw Kraan T, Boeije LCM, Smeenk RJT, Wijdenes J, Aarden LA. Prostaglandin E2 is a potent inhibitor of human Interleukin-12 production. J Exp Med 1995;181:775-779.
Bonta IL, Parnham MJ. Immunomodulatory-antiinflammatory functions of E-type prostaglandins. Minireview with emphasis on macrophagemediated effects. Int J Immunopharmac 1982;4(2):103-109.
Kunkel SL, Chensue SW, Phan SH. Prostaglandins as endogenous mediators of interleukin 1 production. J Immunol 1986;136(1):186-192.
Oppenheimer-Marks N, Kavanaugh A, Lipsky PE. Inhibition of transendothelial migration of human T lymphocytes by prostaglandin E2. J Immunol 1994;152:5703-5713.
Milano S, Arcoleo F, Dieli M, D’Agostino R, D’Agostino P, DeNucci G et al. Prostaglandin E2 regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase in the murine macrophage cell line J774. Prostaglandins 1995;49:105-115.
Kunkel SL, Wiggins RC, Chensue SW, Larrick J. Regulation of macrophage tumor necrosis factor production by prostaglandin E2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986;137:404-410.
Boraschi D, Nierderhuber J. Regulation of macrophage suppression and cytotoxicity by interferon: Role of Ia-bearing macrophages. J Immunol 1982;129:1854-1858.
Alleva DG, Burger CJ, Elgert KD. Tumor growth increases 1a macrophage synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-a and prostaglandin E2: Changes in macrophage suppressor activity. J Leuk Biol 1993;53:550- 558.
Orino E, Sone S, Nii A, Ogura T. IL-4 up-regulates IL-1 receptor antagonist gene expression in human blood monocytes. J Immunol 1992;149:925-931.
Endo T, Ogushi F, Sone S. LPS-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 induction in human monocytes is down regulated by IL-13, but not by IFN-g. J Immunol 1996;156:2240-2246.
Yao Z, Painter SL, Fanslow WC, Ulrich D, Macduff BM, Springgs MK et al. Human IL-17: A novel cytokine derived from T cells. J Immunol 1995;155:5483-5486.
Jovanovic DV, DiBattista JA, Martel-Pelletier J, Jolicoeur FC, He Y, Zhang M et al. IL-17 stimulates the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1b and TNF-a, by human macrophages. J Immunol 1998; 160:3513-3521.
Fossiez F, Djossou O, Chomarat P, Flores-Romo L, Ait-Yahia S, Maat C et al. T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. J Exp Med 1996;183:2593-2603.
Chabaud M, Fossiez F, Taupin JL, Miossec P. Enhancing effect of IL-17 on IL-1 induced IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes and its regulation by Th2 cytokines. J Immunol 1998;161:409-414.
Fournier T, Fadok V, Henson PM. Tumor necrosis factor-a inversely regulates prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 production in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 1997;272:31065-31072.
Edwards III Hedegaard HB, Zlotnik A. Chronic infection due to Mycobacterium intracellulare in mice: Association with macrophage release of prostaglandin E2 and reversal by injection of indomethacin, muramyl dipeptide, or interferon-gamma. J Immunol 1986;136(5):1820-1827.
Stevens MG, Pugh Jr, GW, Tabatabai LB. Effects of Gamma interferon and indomethacin in preventing Brucella abortus infections in mice. Infect Immun 1992;60(10):4407-4409.
Filler SG, Ibe BO, Ibrahim AS, Ghannoum MA, Raj JU, Edwards Jr JE. Mechanisms by which Candida albicans induces endothelial cell prostaglandin synthesis. Infect Immun 1994;6(3):1064-1069.
Noverr MC, Phare SM, Toews GB, Coffey MJ, Huffnagle GB. Pathogenic yeast Cryptoccoccus neoformans and Candida albicans produce immunomodulatory prostaglandins. Infect Immun 2001;69(5):2957-2963.
Belley A, Chadee K. Eicosanoid production by parasites: From pathogenesis to immunomodulation? Parasitology Today 1995;11(9): 327-334.
Ramaswany K, Kumar P, H YX. A role for parasite-induced PGE2 in IL-10-mediated host immunoregulation by skin stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. J Immunol 2000;165:4567-4574.
Pinge-Filho P, Tadokoro CE, Abrahamsohn IA. Prostaglandins mediate suppression of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine sintesis in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Cell Immunol 1999;193:90-98.
DeFreitas LA, Mbow LM, Estay M, Bleyenberg JA, Titus RG. Indomethacin treatment slows disease progression and enhances a Th1 response in susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Parasite Immunol 1999;21(5):273-277.
Titus RG, Sherry B, Cerami A. The involvement of TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 in the immune response to protozoan parasites. Immunol Today 1991; 12(3):A13-A16.
Pruzanski W, Vadas P. Phospholipase A2 a mediator between proximal and distal effectors of inflammation. Immunology Today 1991; 12(5):143-146.
Quiroga J, Prieto J. Liver cytoprotection by prostaglandins. Pharmac Ther 1993;58:67-92.
Yu Y, Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica stimulates interleukin 8 from human colonic epithelial cells without parasite-enterocyte contact. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1536-1547.
Seydel KB, Li E, Swanson PE, Stanley Jr SL. Human intestinal epithelial cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection in a SCID mouse-human intestinal xenograft model of amebiasis. Infect Immun 1997;65:1631-1639.
Eckmann L, Reed SL, Smith JR, Kagnoff MF. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites induce an inflammatory cytokine response by cultured human cells through the paracrine action of cytolytically released interleukin- 1a. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1269-1279.
McGowan K, Piver G, Stoff JS, Donowitz M. Role of prostaglandins and calcium in the effects of Entamoeba histolytica on colonic electrolyte transport. Gastroenterology 1990;98:873-880.
Petri WA, Ravdin JI. Protection of gerbils from amebic liver abscess by immunization with the galactose-specific adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Infect Immun 1991;59:97-101.
Shibayama-Salas M, Tsutsumi V, Martínez-Palomo A. Early invasive intestinal amebiasis in Mongolian gerbils. Arch Med Res 1992;23(2): 187-190.
Tsutsumi V, Canales-Treviño L, Martínez-Palomo A. Immunoprophylaxis of experimental amebic liver abscess. Proc VIII Int Congress Protozoology; 1989 julio 10-17; Tsukuba, Japón.
Schain DC, Salata RA, Ravdin JI. Development of amebicidal cell mediated immunity in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) immunized with the galactoseinhibitable adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. J Parasitol 1995;81(4):563-568.
Martínez-Palomo A, Kretschmer R, Meza I. Entamoeba histolytica and amebiasis. En: Ravdin JI, ed. Amebiasis. Human infection by Entamoeba histolytica. Nueva York:Wiley, 1988:143-156.
Ortiz-Ortiz L, Zamacona G, Sepúlveda B, Capin NR. Cell mediated immunity in patients with amoebic abscess of the liver. Clin Immun Immunopath 1975;4:127-134.
Kretschmer RR, López-Osuna M. Mecanismos efectores e inmunidad antiamibiana. En: Krestchmer RR, ed. Amebiasis, infección y enfermedad por Entamoeba histolytica. México, D.F.: Editorial Trillas, 1994;135-149.
Ortiz-Ortiz L, Garmilla C, Tanimoto-Weki M, Zamacona-Ravelo G. Cellular hypersensivity in amebiasis. I. Reactions in hamsters inoculated with E. histolytica. Arch Invest Med 1973; Supl 1:141-146.
Salata RA, Ravdin JI. Review of the human immune mechanisms directed against Entamoeba histolytica. Rev Infect Dis 1986;8(2):261-269.
Gharidian E, Meerovitch E. In vitro amoebicidal activity of immune cells. Infect Immun 1982;36:243-246.
Salata RA, Martínez-Palomo A, Canales L, Murray HW, Treviño N, Ravdin JI. Suppression of T-lymphocyte responses to Entamoeba histolytica antigen by immune sera. Infect Immun 1990;58:3941-3946.
Stern JJ, Graybill JR, Drutz DJ. Murine amebiasis: The role of the macrophages in host defense. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1984;33(3):372-380.
Gharidian E, Meerovitch E. Macrophage requirement for host defense against experimental hepatic amebiasis in the hamster. Parasite Immunol 1982;4:219-225.
Denis M, Chadee K. In vitro and in vivo studies of macrophage functions in amebiasis. Infect Immun 1988;56:3126-3131.
Wang W, Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica alters arachidonic acid metabolism in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Immunology 1992;76: 242-250.
Wang W, Chadee K. Modulation of tumor necrosis factor production by macrophages in Entamoeba histolytica infection. Infect Immunol 1992;60(8):3169-3174.
Wang W, Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica suppresses gamma interferon- induced macrophage class II major histocompatibility complex Ia molecule and IAb mRNA expression by a prostaglandin E2 dependent mechanism. Infect Immun 1995;63(3):1089-1094.
Seguin R, Keller K, Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica stimulates the unstable transcription of c-fos and tumor necrosis factor-a mRNA by protein kinase C signal transduction in macrophages. Immunology 1995;86:49-57.
Sánchez-Ramírez B, Escalante B, Rosales-Encina JL, Talamás-Rohana P. Role of prostaglandin E2 on amoebic liver abscess formation in hamsters. Prostaglandins 1997;53:411-421.
Sánchez-Ramírez B, Escalante B, Rosales-Encina JL, Talamás-Rohana P. Entamoeba histolytica induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages isolated from liver abscess. En: Tada I, Kojima S, Tsuji M, ed. Proc IX International Congress of Parasitolology; 1998 agosto 24-28; Makuhari Chiba, Japón.
Belley A, Keller K, Chadee K. Demonstration of cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme in Entamoeba histolytica: parasite production of Prostaglandin E2. 44Th Ann Meet Am Soc Trop Med Hyg; 1995 noviembre 17-21; San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Balsinde J, Balboa MA, Dennis EA. Functional coupling between secretory phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 and its regulation by cytosolic group IV phospholipase A2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;295(14): 7951-7956.
Ravdin JI, Murphy CF, Guerrant RL, Long-Krug SA. Effect of antagonists of calcium and phospholipase A on the cytopathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis 1985;152:542-549.
Long-Krug SA, Fischer KJ, Hysmith RM, Ravdin JI. Phospholipase A enzymes of Entamoeba histolytica: Description and subcellular localization. J Infect Dis 1985;152:536-541.
Wang W, Keller K, Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica modulates the nitric oxide synthase gene and nitric oxide production by macrophages for cytotoxicity against amoebae and tumour cells. Immunology 1994;83: 601-610.
Lin JY, Seguin R, Keller K, Chadee K. Transforming growth factor b1 primes macrophages for enhanced expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene for nitric oxide-dependent cytotoxicity against Entamoeba histolytica. Immunology 1995;85:400-407.
Barral-Netto M, Barral A, Brownell CE, Skeiky YA, Ellingsworth LR, Twardzik DR et al. Transforming growth factor-beta in leishmanial infection: A parasite escape mechanism. Science 1992;257:545-548.