medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2007, Number S4

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2007; 49 (S4)

Cognitive impairment and associated factors in older adults in Mexico

Mejía-Arango S, Miguel-Jaimes A, Villa A, Ruiz-Arregui L, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM

Language: Spanish
References: 33
Page: 475-481
PDF size: 151.34 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relation with sociodemographic and health factors in the Mexican population. Material and Methods. From the first wave data of the National Aging and Health Study, collected in 2001 in Mexico, subjects 65 years or older and who had completed a cognitive assessment were selected. Subjects were classified according to two groups: with and without cognitive impairment, based on the cutoff point corresponding to the 10th percentile of the total cognitive assessment score, adjusted for age and educational level. All subjects with cognitive impairment that also had difficulty with one of the activities of daily living were classified as a third group: with cognitive impairment and functional dependency. Prevalence rates were calculated, and an association with demographic and health variables was established through regression analysis. Results. Seven percent of the population had cognitive impairment while 3.3% had both conditions. The probability of cognitive impairment was not significantly associated with any demographic or health variables. Cognitive impairment and functional dependency indicated an association with gender, age, marital status, diabetes, stroke, heart disease and depression. Conclusions. The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relation with chronic disease frequently observed in the Mexican elderly suggest the need to increase early identification of both conditions in the population.


REFERENCES

  1. Banco Mundial. Informe sobre el desarrollo mundial 1993. Invertir en salud. Washington: Oxford University Press, 1994.

  2. Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs R, Morris JC, Rabins P, et al. Current concepts in mild cognitive Impairment. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1985-1992.

  3. Ketzoian C, Romero S, Dieguez E, Cairolo G, Rega Y, Caseres R, et al. Prevalence of demential sindromes in a population of Uruguay. Study of “Villa del Cerro”. J Neurol Sci 1997;150-155.

  4. Quiroga P. Dementia Prevalence in Concepción Chile. Dementia Project-WHO-Chile. World Congress of Geriatrics and Gerontology: 1997. Adelaida, Australia.

  5. Herrera E, Caramelli P, Silveira AS, Mathias SC, Nitrini R. Population epidemiology survey of dementia in Catanduva, Brazil. Preliminary Results. J Neurol Sci 1997;150:155-156.

  6. Navarrete H, Rodríguez-Leyva I. La demencia. ¿Subdiagnosticada o ignorada? Rev Mex de Neurociencias 2003;4:11-12.

  7. Gutiérrez LM, Ostrosky F, Sanchez S, Villa A. Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in subjects 65 years older in Mexico City: An Epidemiological Survey. Gerontology 2001;47:145.

  8. Cruz-Alcalá L. Prevalencia de algunas enfermedades neurológicas en la Ciudad de Tepatitlán, Jalisco. Rev Mex de Neurociencias 2002;3:71-76.

  9. Fabrigoule C, Letteneur L, Dartigues JF, Zarrouk M, Commenges D, Barberger-Gateau P. Social and leisure activities and risk of dementia: A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 1995;43:485-490.

  10. Bonaiuto S, Rocca WA, Lippi A, Giannandrea E, Mele M, Cavarzeran F, et al. Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia: a populationbased case-control study. Neuroepidemiology 1995;14(3):101-109.

  11. Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 2001;57:2236-2242.

  12. Whitmer RA, Sydney S, Selby J, Claiborne-Johnston S, Yaffe K. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology 2005; 64:277-281.

  13. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. Conteo de población y vivienda 2000. Resultados definitivos nacionales. México, DF: INEGI; 2000. Disponible en: http//www.inegi.gob.mx.

  14. Palloni A, Soldo B, Wong R. Health status in a nacional sample ofelderly Mexicans. Paper prepared for presentation at the Gerontological Society of America Conference; noviembre, 2002. Boston, EUA.

  15. Glosser G, Wolfe N, Albert ML, Lavine L, Steele JC, Calne DB, et al. Cross-cultural cognitive examination: Validation of a dementia screening instrument for neuroepidemiological research. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:931-939.

  16. Di Carlo A, Balderaschi M, Amaducci L. Factores de riesgo y de protección en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. En: Mangone CA, Allegri R F, Arizaga RL, Ollarri JA, eds. Enfoque multidisciplinario. Buenos Aires: Sagitario, 1997.

  17. Unverzagt FW, Gao S, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi AO, Gureje O, Perkins A, et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment: data from the Indianapolis Study of Health and Aging. Neurology 2001;57:1655-1662.

  18. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental sisorders, 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.

  19. Mejía S, Gutierrez LM, Villa A, Ostrosky-Solis F. Cognition, functional status, education and the diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Spanish speaking elderly. Appl Neuropsychol 2004;11:196-203.

  20. Gutiérrez LM, Mejía S, Miguel A, Villa A, Ostrosky F. Uso de metodologías conocidas y desarrollo de nuevas herramientas para la evaluación internacional y comparativa de la salud y el bienestar de los adultos mayores. Compatibilización, estandarización y validación de instrumentos existentes para detectar deficiencias cognitivas entre adultos mayores hispanohablantes; 2004. Proyecto Organización Panamericana de la Salud. (www.paho.org)

  21. Ardila A, Ostrosky-Solis F, Rosselli M, Gómez C. Age-related cognitive decline during normal aging: the complex effect of education. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2000;5:495-513.

  22. Launer LJ, Andersen K, Dewey ME, Letenneur L, Ott A, Amaducci LA, et al. Neurology 1999;52: 78-84

  23. Nguyen HT, Black SA, Ray LA, Espino DV, Markides KS. Predictors of decline in MMSE scores among older Mexican-Americans. J Gerontol: Medical Sciences 2002;57:181-185.

  24. Reyes S. Population ageing in the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Health policy and economic implications. México: IMSS-Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, 2001.

  25. García-Peña C. Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud/ Area Envejecimiento. México DF: Centro Médico Nacional XXI/Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2006.

  26. Ocegueda-Azpeitia G, Pichardo-Fuster A. Prevalencia de la depresión en ancianos mexicanos. Arch Geriátrico 2003;6:78-81.

  27. Mejia S, Giraldo M, Pineda D, Ardila A, Lopera F. Nongenetic factors as modifiers of age of onset of familial Alzheimer’s disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2003;15:337-349.

  28. Jorm AF. Is depression a risk factor for dementia or cognitive decline? Neurobiol Aging 2000;21(Suppl1): S215.

  29. Ritchie K, Artero S, Touchon J. Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: A population-based validation study. Neurology 2001;56:37-42.

  30. Lopez OL, Jagust WJ, DeKosky ST, Becker JT, Fitzpatrick A, Dulberg C, et al. Prevalence and classification of mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cognition study. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1385-1389.

  31. Unverzagt FW, Gao S, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi AO, Gureje O, Perkins A, , et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment: data from the Indianapolis Study of Health and Aging. Neurology 2003;13(57):1655-1662.

  32. Petersen RC, Morris JC. Clinical features. In: Petersen RC ed. Mild cognitive impairment: Aging to Alzheimer’s disease. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  33. Feinstein AL. Principles of Medical statistics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com