2007, Number 1
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salud publica mex 2007; 49 (1)
Letters to the editor
Camarillo-Romero MS
Language: English
References: 37
Page: 1-2
PDF size: 62.59 Kb.
Text Extraction
Dear editor: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), represented mainly by the common cold, pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis, pharyngotonsillitis, laringitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and pneumonia, is the most common reason for seeking medical attention and the fourth cause of mortality in Mexico. The principal agents associated with this syndrome are viral; however, bacterial agents are associated with increased mortality, and the most common microorganisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophillus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes. In our community there is an increase in failures of common treatments, presumably provoked by an increase in resistant microorganisms or by the presence of uncommon ones.
REFERENCES
Solórzano-Santos F, Miranda Novales G.
Resistencia de las bacterias respiratorias y entéricas a antibióticos. Salud Publica Mex 1998;6:510-516.
Sistema Nacional de Evaluación - Tercera vigilancia de los progresos en la aplicación de estrategias de salud para todos en el año 2000,SPT/2000- México, DF: INEGI/DGEIE, 1994.
Avila MM, Carballal G, Rovaletti H, Ebekian B, Cusminsky MM, Weissenbacher M. Viral etiology in acute lower respiratory infections in children from a closed community. Am Rev Resp Dis 1989;140:634-637.
Fenddrick AM, Saint S, Brook I, Jacobs MR,Pelton S, Sethi S. Diagnosis and treatment ofupper respiratory tract infections in the primarycare setting. Clin Ther 2001;10:1683-1706.
Lavoie F, Blais L, Castilloux AM, Saclera A, LeLorier J. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antibiotic treatments for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Can J Clin Pharmacol 2005;2:e212-e217.
Stratchounski LS, Andreeva IV, Ratchina SA, Galkin DV, Petrotchenkova Na, Demin AA, et al. The inventory of antibiotics in Russian home medicine cabinets. HYPERLINK “javascript:AL_get(this, ‘jour’, ‘Clin Infect Dis.’);” Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(4):498-505.
Doern GV, Jones RN, Pfaller MA, Kugler K. and The sentry Participants Group. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (United States and Canada, 1997) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 1999;2:385-389.
Gunnarsson RK, Holm SE, Söderström M. The prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in nasopharyngeal samples from individuals with a long standing cough-clinical value of nasopharyngeal sample. Family Practice 2000;2:150-155.
Murphy TF. Branhamella catarrhalis: epidemiology, surface antigenic structure, and inmune response. Microbiol Rev 1996;2:267-279.
Carr B, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Mulvihill E, Keane C. Prospective hospital study of community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly. Respiratory Medicine1991;85:185-187.
García Rodríguez JA, Fresnadillo Martinez MJ. Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potencial respiratory pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;(Suppl 2):S59-S73.
Chi DH, Hendley JO, French P, Arango P, Hayden FG, Winther B. Nasopharingeal reservoir of Bacterial Otitis media and sinusitis pathogens in adults during wellness and viral respiratory illness. Am J Rhinol 2003;4:209-214.
Leaños-Miranda B, Miranda-Novales MG, Solórzano-Santos F, Ortiz-Ocampo L, Guiscafré- Gallardo H. Prevalencia de colonización por Moraxella catarrhalis en portadores asintomáticos menores de seis años. Salud Publica Mex 2002;43:27-31.
Hol C, Van Dijke EE, Verduin CM, Verhoef J, Van Dijk H. Experimental evidence for Moraxella –induced penicillin neutralization in pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1613-1616.
Schmitz FJ, Beeck A, Perdikouli M, Boos M, Mayer S, Scheuring S, et al. Production of BRO lactamases and resistance to complement in European Moraxella catarrhalis isolates J Clin Microbiol 2002;4:1546-1548.
Andrade MA, Hoberman A, Glustein J, Paradise JL, Wakd ER. Acute otitis media in children with bronchitis. Pediatrics 1998;101 (4 Pt 1):617-619.
Gross-Schulman S, Dassey D, Mascola l, Anaya C. Community-acquired methicilinnresistant Staphylococcus aureus. JAMA 1998;280:421-422.
Nyquist AC, Gonzales R, Steiner JF, Sande MA. Antibiotic prescribing for children with colds, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis. JAMA 1998;279:875-877.
Solórzano-Santos F, Miranda Novales G. Resistencia de las bacterias respiratorias y entéricas a antibióticos. Salud Publica Mex 1998;6:510-516.
Sistema Nacional de Evaluación-Tercera vigilancia de los progresos en la aplicación de estrategias de salud para todos en el año 2000,SPT/2000-México, DF: INEGI/DGEIE, 1994.
Avila MM, Carballal G, Rovaletti H, Ebekian B, Cusminsky MM, Weissenbacher M. Viral etiology in acute lower respiratory infections in children from a closed community. Am Rev Resp Dis 1989;140:634-637.
Fenddrick AM, Saint S, Brook I, Jacobs MR,Pelton S, Sethi S. Diagnosis and treatment ofupper respiratory tract infections in the primarycare setting. Clin Ther 2001;10:1683-1706.
Lavoie F, Blais L, Castilloux AM, Saclera A, LeLorier J. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antibiotic treatments for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Can J Clin Pharmacol 2005;2:e212-e217.
Stratchounski LS, Andreeva IV, Ratchina SA, Galkin DV, Petrotchenkova Na, Demin AA, et al. The inventory of antibiotics in Russian home medicine cabinets. HYPERLINK “javascript:AL_get(this, ‘jour’, ‘Clin Infect Dis.’);” Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(4):498-505.
Doern GV, Jones RN, Pfaller MA, Kugler K. and The sentry Participants Group. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (United States and Canada, 1997) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 1999;2:385-389.
Gunnarsson RK, Holm SE, Söderström M. The prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in nasopharyngeal samples from individuals with a long standing cough-clinical value of nasopharyngeal sample. Family Practice 2000;2:150-155.
Murphy TF. Branhamella catarrhalis: epidemiology, surface antigenic structure, and inmune response. Microbiol Rev 1996;2:267-279.
Carr B, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Mulvihill E, Keane C. Prospective hospital study of community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly. Respiratory Medicine1991;85:185-187.
García Rodríguez JA, Fresnadillo Martinez MJ. Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potencial respiratory pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;(Suppl 2):S59-S73.
Chi DH, Hendley JO, French P, Arango P, Hayden FG, Winther B. Nasopharingeal reservoir of Bacterial Otitis media and sinusitis pathogens in adults during wellness and viral respiratory illness. Am J Rhinol 2003;4:209-214.
Leaños-Miranda B, Miranda-Novales MG, Solórzano-Santos F, Ortiz-Ocampo L, Guiscafré- Gallardo H. Prevalencia de colonización por Moraxella catarrhalis en portadores asintomáticos menores de seis años. Salud Publica Mex 2002;43:27-31.
Hol C, Van Dijke EE, Verduin CM, Verhoef J, Van Dijk H. Experimental evidence for Moraxella–induced penicillin neutralization in pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1613-1616.
Schmitz FJ, Beeck A, Perdikouli M, Boos M, Mayer S, Scheuring S, et al. Production of BRO lactamases and resistance to complement in European Moraxella catarrhalis isolates J Clin Microbiol 2002;4:1546-1548.
Andrade MA, Hoberman A, Glustein J, Paradise JL, Wakd ER. Acute otitis media in children with bronchitis. Pediatrics 1998;101 (4 Pt 1):617-619.
Gross-Schulman S, Dassey D, Mascola l, Anaya C. Community-acquired methicilinnresistant Staphylococcus aureus. JAMA 1998;280:421-422.
Nyquist AC, Gonzales R, Steiner JF, Sande MA. Antibiotic prescribing for children with colds, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis. JAMA 1998;279:875-877.
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