medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2003, Number S1

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2003; 45 (S1)

Objective and subjective knowledge on HIV/AIDS as predictors of condom use in adolescents

Villaseñor-Sierra A, Caballero-Hoyos R, Hidalgo-San Martín A, Santos-Preciado JI

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 73-80
PDF size: 100.52 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To evaluate the association between objective and subjective knowledge on HIV/AIDS and condom use. Material and Methods. Analysis of a database from an anonymous, self-applied, randomized survey conducted between 1995 and 1996. Study subjects were 1 410 adolescents of four socioeconomic strata from Guadalajara, Mexico. Objective knowledge was assessed with 24 questions regarding HIV/AIDS, and subjective knowledge with the question “how much do you think you know about HIV/AIDS?” The variables associated with condom use were identified using logistic regression analysis and by calculating odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. Results. The degree of objective knowledge was “average”, differentiated by socioeconomic strata (p‹ 0.001), and was higher in adolescents from medium and high socioeconomic strata (p‹ 0.008). Regarding subjective knowledge, adolescents from the low, medium, and high socioeconomic strata claimed to know “a little”, and the ones from the lowest stratum claimed to know “very little”. Condom use was higher in males (35.4%), and in adolescents from high socioeconomic strata (p‹ 0.005), than in females (15.3%) (p‹ 0.001). Although there was a correlation between objective and subjective knowledge (r = 0.37, p‹ 0.001), a higher degree of subjective knowledge was associated with condom use (p‹ 0.001). Conclusions. Subjective knowledge, belonging to medium and high socioeconomic strata and being male, were predictors of condom use.


REFERENCES

  1. Magis-Rodríguez C, Del Río-Chiriboga C. Epidemiología del VIH y del SIDA en México. En: Ponce de León RS, Rangel FMS, ed. SIDA. Aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos. México, D.F. : McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2000: 1-10.

  2. Valdespino-Gómez JL, García-García ML, Del Río-Zolezzi A, Loo-Méndez E, Magis-Rodríguez C, Salcedo-Alvarez RA. Epidemiología del SIDA/VIH en México; de 1983 a marzo de 1995. Salud Publica Mex 1995;37: 556-571.

  3. Magis-Rodríguez C, Bravo-García E, Anaya-López L, Uribe-Zúñiga P. La situación del SIDA en México a finales de 1998. Enf Infecc Microbiol 1998;18:236-244.

  4. Medley GF, Anderson RM, Cox DR, Billard L. Incubation period of AIDS in patients infected via blood transfusion. Nature 1987;328:719-721.

  5. Lui KJ, Darrow WW, Rutherford GW3d. A model-based estimate of the mean incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men. Science 1988; 240:1333-1335.

  6. Camacho ME. Evolución natural de la infección por VIH. En: Ponce de León RS, Rangel FMS, ed. SIDA aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos. México, D.F. : McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2000:115-138.

  7. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States: 1988 update. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1989;38:1-38.

  8. Bowler S, Sheon AR, D’Angelo LJ, Vermund SH. HIV and AIDS among adolescents in the United States: Increasing risk in the 1990s. J Adolesc 1992;15:345-371.

  9. Manoff SB, Gayle HD, Mays MA, Rogers MF. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in adolescents: Epidemiology, prevention and public health issues. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:309-314.

  10. Hofferth SL, Kahn JR, Baldwin W. Premarital sexual activity among U.S. teenage women over the past three decades. Fam Plann Perspect 1987; 19:46-53.

  11. Klanger B, Tyden T, Ruusuvaara L. Sexual behavior among adolescents in Uppsala, Sweden. J Adolesc Health 1993;14:468-474.

  12. Consejo Nacional de Población. Encuesta Nacional sobre sexualidad y familia en jóvenes de educación media superior.; México, D.F.: Conapo, 1988.

  13. Micher CJM, Silva BJS. Nivel de conocimientos y prácticas de riesgo para enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) en alumnos de primer ingreso a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. SIDAETS 1997;3:68-73.

  14. García-Baltazar J, Figueroa-Perea JG. Práctica anticonceptiva en adolescentes jóvenes del área metropolitana de la ciudad de México. Salud Publica Mex 1992;34:413-426.

  15. Tello A. Los jóvenes, el sector más vulnerable ante el SIDA. Gac Universitaria 2001;1(223): 14-15.

  16. Pérez IJA. Encuesta Nacional de Juventud 2000. Resultados Preliminares; México, D.F.: Secretaría de Educación Pública, 2001: 1.

  17. Siegel D, Lazarus N, Krasnovsky F, Durbin M, Chesney M. AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among inner city, junior high school students. J Sch Health 1991;61:160-165.

  18. Rickert VI, Jay MS, Gottlieb A, Bridges C. Adolescents and AIDS. Female’s attitudes and behaviors toward condom purchase and use. J Adolesc Health Care 1989;10:313-316.

  19. DiClemente RJ, Brown LK, Beausoleil NI, Lodico M. Comparison of AIDS knowledge and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in low and high AIDS prevalence communities. J Adolesc Health Care 1993;14:231-236.

  20. Troth A, Peterson CC. Factors predicting safe-sex talk and condom use in early sexual relationships. Health Commun 2000;12:195-218.

  21. Maxwell AE, Bastani R, Warda US. Knowledge and attitudes toward condom use-Do they predict behavior among Filipino Americans? Ethn Dis 2000;10:113-124.

  22. Bandawe CR, Foster D. AIDS-related beliefs, attitudes and intentions among Malawian students in three secondary schools. AIDS Care 1996;8:223-232.

  23. Klepp KI, Ndeki SS, Thuen F, Leshabari M, Seha AM. Predictors of intention to be sexually active among Tanzanian school children. East Afr Med J 1996;73:218-224.

  24. Stiffman AR, Dore P, Cunningham RM. Inner-city youths and condom use: Health beliefs, clinic care, welfare, and the HIV epidemic. Adolescence 1994;29:805-820.

  25. Bazargan M, Kelly EM, Stein JA, Husaini BA, Bazargan SH. Correlates of HIV risk-taking behaviors among African-American college students: The effect of HIV knowledge, motivation, and behavioral skills. J Natl Med Assoc 2000;92:391-404.

  26. Reitman D, St Laurence JS, Jefferson KW, Alleyne E, Brasfield TL, Shirley A. Predictors of African American adolescents’ condom use and HIV risk behavior. AIDS Educ Prev 1996;8:499-515.

  27. Stiffman AR, Earls F, Dore P, Cunningham RM. Changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related risk behavior after adolescence: Relationships to knowledge and experience concerning human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatrics 1992;89:950-956.

  28. Phillips KA. Subjective knowledge of AIDS and use of HIV testing. Am J Public Health 1993;83:1460-1462.

  29. Caballero-Hoyos R, Villaseñor-Sierra A, San Martín AH. Fuentes de información y su relación con el grado de conocimientos sobre SIDA en adolescentes de México. Rev Saude Publica 1997;31:351-359.

  30. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. XI Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda, 1990. Resultados definitivos. Datos por AGEB urbana. México, D.F.: INEGI, 1990.

  31. World Health Organization. Research package: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices on AIDS survey (KABP). Appendix: Questionnaire. Washington D.C.: Who, 1990.

  32. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografia e Informática. Estratificación socio-económica de la zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. 1992; Guadalajara, Jalisco. INEGI, 1992.

  33. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. Nueva York (NY): John Wiley & Sons, 1989.

  34. Caballero-Hoyos R, Madrigal DLE, Hidalgo SMA, Villaseñor A. El Consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas ilegales, en los adolescentes de diferentes estratos socioeconómicos de Guadalajara. Salud Mental 1999;22:1-8.

  35. Skurnick JH, Johnson RL, Quinones MA, Foster JD, Louria DB. New Jersey high school students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding AIDS. AIDS Educ Prev 1991;3:21-30.

  36. Koopman C, Rotherman-Borus MJ, Henderson R, Bradley JS, Hunter J. Assessment of knowledge of AIDS and beliefs about AIDS prevention among adolescents. AIDS Educ Prev 1990;2:58-69.

  37. DiClemente RJ, Zorn J, Temoshok L. Adolescents and AIDS: A survey of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about AIDS in San Francisco. Am J Public Health 1986;76:1443-1445.

  38. Zimet GD, DiClemente RJ, Lazebnik R, Anglin TM, Ellick EM, Williams P. Changes in adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes about AIDS over the course of the AIDS epidemic. J Adolesc Health 1993;14:85-90.

  39. Yelibi S, Valenti P, Volpe C, Caprara A, Dedy S, Tape G. Sociocultural aspects of AIDS in an urban peripheral area of Abidjan. AIDS Care 1993;5:187-197.

  40. DuRant RH, Ashworth CS, Newman CL, McGill L, Rabun C, Baranowski T. AIDS/HIV knowledge level and perceived chance of having HIV among rural adolescents. J Adolesc Health 1992;13:499-505.

  41. Díaz T, Chu SY, Buehler JW, Boyd D, Checo PJ, Conti L et al. Socioeconomic differences among people with AIDS: Results from a multistate surveillance project. Am J Prev Med 1994;10:217-222.

  42. St Laurence JS, Jefferson KW, Alleyne E, Brasfield TL. Comparison of education versus behavioral skills training interventions in lowering sexual HIV-risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995;63:154-157.

  43. Rotherman-Borus MJ, Koopman C, Haignere C, Davies M. Reducing HIV sexual risk behaviors among runaway adolescents. JAMA 1991;266:1237-1241.

  44. De Visser RO, Smith AMA. When always isn’t enough. Implications of the late aplications of condoms for the validity of self-reported condom use. AIDS Care 2000;12:221-226.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com