medigraphic.com
ISSN 0210-5187 (Electronic)

2007, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2007; 35 (3)

Bioterrorism

Bolaños AC, Chalela JG

Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 121-129
PDF size: 317.24 Kb.


ABSTRACT

During years has been consider bioterrorism as a lethal weapon which has been used to attack and cause terror in world population . Is just after some decades when we feeling this treat again.
Within of big amount of weapons used for this treat, mention to the main forms of biological attack is done that have produced illnesses with devastating consequences for the humanity, leaving their step psychological and physical consequences, that in our time they center again their attention by the great quantity of agents that are found al reach.
Being thus the ideal biological agent should be highly deadly, produced easily and in large quantities, stable, of broadcast in the shape of person to person, resistant to antibiotic standard and that be not prevenible with vaccination. This limits the list of possible biological agents to certain bacteria: Bacillus antraccis, Brucella spp, clostridium botulinum, yersinia pestistis and Francisella tularensis, and to certain virus that we will mention in this document.


REFERENCES

  1. 1.Minnesota Department of Health. Bioterrorismo: Preguntas y respuestas. 2001.http: //www.health.state.mn.us.

  2. 2.Cherry C, Kainer M, Ruff T. Biological weapons preparedness: the role of physicians. Internal Medicine Journal 2003;33:242-253.

  3. Shaffer D, Armstrong G, Higgins K, Honig P, Coyne P, Boxwell D, Beitz J, Leissa B, et al. Increased US prescription trends associated with the CDC Bacillus anthracis antimicro bial postexposure prophylaxis campaign.Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2003;12:177-182.

  4. 4.Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 2001;285:1059-70.

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Questions and answers about anthrax. ttp://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/faq/index.asp.

  6. 6.Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, Friedlander AM, Hauer J, McDade J, et al. Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA 1999;281:1735-45.

  7. Bradley KA, Mogridge J, Jonah G, Rainey A, Batty S, Young JA. Binding of anthrax toxin to its receptor is similar to alpha integrinligand interactions. J Biol Chem 2003;278: 49342-7.

  8. 8.Dixon TC, Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hanna PC. Anthrax. N Engl J Med 1999;341:815-26.

  9. 9.Polyak CS, Macy JT, Irizarry-De La Cruz M, Lai JE, McAuliffe JF, Popovic T, et al. Bioterrorism-related anthrax: International response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1056-9.

  10. Cieslak TJ, Eitzen EM Jr. Clinical and epidemiologic principles of anthrax. Emerg Infect Dis 1999;5:552-5.

  11. 11.Urrutia J, Wiss J, Valdivia P. Carbunco humano y animal en la zona de Peumo. Bol. Hospital San Juan de Dios 1971:19:239-42.

  12. 12.Wein LM, Craft DL, Kaplan EH. Emergency response to an anthrax attack. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:4346-4351.

  13. 13.Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen E, Friedlander AM, et al. Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA 1999;281:1735-45.

  14. 14.Huxsoll DL, Parrott CD, Patrick WC 3rd. Medicine in defense against biological warfare. JAMA 1989;262:677-9.

  15. Sandford JP, Gilbert D, Moellering R, Sande M. The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Edición 30º. 2000. Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc. Vienna, VA. USA. Págs. 30 y 36.

  16. 16.Maynard JA, Maassen CB, Leppla SH, Brasky K, Patterson JL, Iverson BL, Georgiou. Protection against anthrax toxin by recombinant antibody fragments correlates with antigen affinity. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:597-601.

  17. 17.Ritvo P, Irvine J, Klar N, Wilson K, Brown L, Bremner K, et al. Canadian national survey of attitudes and knowledge regarding preventive vaccines. J Immun Based Ther Vacc 2003;1:3.

  18. 18.Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 2001;285:1059-70.

  19. 19.Leppla.SH, Cora E: Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the protective antigen component of Bacillus anthracis toxin. Infect Immun 1988;56:1807-1813.

  20. 20.Little SF, Leppla SH, Friedlander AM. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the lethal factor component of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Infect Immun 1990;58:1606-1613.

  21. 21.Little SF, Ivins BE, Fellows PF, Friedlander AM. Passive protection by polyclonal antibodies against Bacillus anthracis infection in guinea pigs. Infect Immun 1997;65:5171-5175.

  22. Wild MA, Xin H, Maruyama T, Nolan MJ, Calveley PM, Malone JD, Wallace MR, Bowdish KS. Human antibodies from immunized donors are protective against anthrax toxin in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2003;21:1305-1306.

  23. 23.Kahn AS, Morse S, Lillibridge S. Publichealth preparedness for biological terrorism in the USA. Lancet. 2000;356:1179-1182.

  24. “Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)”, publicado originalmente en MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000;49 (RR-15):1-20 y disponible en http://www.cdc.gov.

  25. 25.Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 2001;285:1059-70.

  26. 26.Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Swerdlow DL. Botulism in the United States: a clinical and epidemiologic review. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:221-228.

  27. Snydman DR. Food Poisoning. En: Gorbach, Barlett y Blacklow Infectious Diseases. WB Saunders Company. Segunda edición, 1998. Págs. 768-781.

  28. 28.Hatheway CL. Clostridium botulinum. En: Gorbach, Barlett y Blacklow Infectious Diseases. WB Saunders Company. Segunda edición, 1998. Págs. 1919-25.

  29. 29.Centers for disease control y prevention. www.bt.cdc.gov.

  30. 30.Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Swerdlow DL. Botulism in the United States: a clinical and epidemiological review. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:221-8.

  31. 31.Amorín MB, Schelotto F, Chiparelli H. Agentes de diarrea, gastroenteritis. En: Temas de Bacteriología y Virología para CEFA. Librería Médica Editorial, 1999. Págs. 303-322.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com