Piñera CHJ, Ruiz GLA

Language: Spanish
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: The bases of human behavior and the ability to interact with the environment are based on cognitive mechanisms. Deepening the study of the effects of physical activity on their performance is highly relevant.
Objective: To describe the influence of physical activity on cognitive functions and skills.
Methods: A literature review was conducted in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Dialnet, PubMed, ERIC, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO. Once the inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, 62 articles were selected.
Development: As a response to physical exercise, it improves the functioning of neuronal and mitochondrial metabolism through the regulation of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways. Physical activity has positive influence on synaptic plasticity, which improves visuospatial function, processing speed, solution of problems, academic performance, sustained attention, and executive function.
Conclusions: Physical activity positively influences brain functioning and cognitive processes. Optimum physical condition, as well as moderate and vigorous levels of physical activity, have a favorable impact on cognitive functions.