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Archivos de Medicina de Urgencia de México

2024, Number 2

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Arch Med Urg Mex 2024; 16 (2)

Comprehensive approach in emergency care: initial management of preeclampsia for quality attention

Hernández-López GD, Escobar-Ortiz D, Trejo-Rosas S, Gororodo-Delsol LA

Language: Spanish
References: 33
Page: 117-125
PDF size: 226.93 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder that develops during pregnancy, accounts for 2% to 8% of pregnancy-related complications worldwide, resulting in over 50,000 maternal deaths and more than 500,000 fetal deaths. This progressive multisystem disorder is characterized by the sudden onset of hypertension and proteinuria, or hypertension with significant dysfunction of target organs, with or without proteinuria, usually occurring after 20 weeks of gestation or postpartum. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia involves both placental abnormalities and systemic vascular dysfunction in the mother. The majority of cases occur in the late preterm or term period, with favorable maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. However, there is a risk of severe morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus. Early-onset cases, representing approximately 10% of cases, are associated with higher risks of severe complications due to preterm birth. Risk factors such as nulliparity, overweight/ obesity, previous preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, multiple pregnancies, chronic kidney disease, or pregestational diabetes increase the likelihood of developing preeclampsia. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing severe complications. This review examines the clinical presentation, complications, and management of preeclampsia, as well as the crucial role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition.


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