medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3186 (Electronic)

2022, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Acta Médica 2022; 23 (3)

Genetic abnormalities expressed in syndromes that require plastic surgeon intervention

Tamayo CAM, Cuastumal FDK, Alejandro RD, Santana KL

Language: Spanish
References: 97
Page:
PDF size: 300.18 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Plastic surgery, in addition to coping with aesthetic aspects, is crucial for managing congenital and acquired deformities. Most of the treated defects are acquired deformities, but include also congenital craniofacial, hand, thorax, lip and palatal abnormalities, as well as conditions of mammary, genital and vascular development. These do not occur in isolation, which makes treatment more complex and valuable. Objective: To characterize the genetic abnormalities expressed in syndromes that require the intervention of a plastic surgeon. Methods: A bibliographic review of articles in English and Spanish was performed in Pubmed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Research and SciELO. The search strategies included the word síndrome [syndrome] associated with the alterations in which the plastic surgeon intervenes (hemangioma, vaginal agenesis, palpebral alterations, nasal, alterations of the ear, skin, limbs, and mammary abnormalities). Of the 350 sources found, 97 were selected taking into account, based on, as inclusion criteria, the fact that they were full articles, original articles, bibliographic reviews and case presentations. Conclusions: It is the plastic surgeon's duty to contribute with the integrative management of patients with these syndromes that, although infrequent, still exist and demand aesthetic and functional improvement. Most of them occur at pediatric ages, but some clinical signs reach adulthood, since physical development and psychological maturity must be achieved before they can be surgically intervened. Reconstructive surgery is the opportunity for an adequate biopsychosocial development, since it provides better quality of life.


REFERENCES

  1. White AJ, Kanapathy M, Nikkhah D, Akhavani M. Systematic review of the venous thromboembolism risk assessment models used in aesthetic plastic surgery. JPRAS Open. 2021;30:116-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpra.2021.07.010

  2. Kobus K, Kobus Zaleśna K. The treatment of facial asymmetry: Review. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017;26(8):1301-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/68976

  3. Dogliotti AA. Revisión de la descripción y tratamiento de las anomalías congénitas más frecuentes de la mano. Cirug Plast Ibero Latinoam. 2017 [acceso: 16/07/2021];43(1):97-106. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=365552874017

  4. Del Frari B, Blank C, Sigl S, Schwabegger AH, Gassner E, Morawetz D, et al. The questionable benefit of pectus excavatum repair on cardiopulmonary function: a prospective study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2021;61(1):75-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezab296

  5. Leslie EJ, Marazita ML. Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2013;163C(4):246-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31381

  6. Kulkarni D, Dixon JM. Congenital abnormalities of the breast. Womens Health. 2012;8(1):75-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/whe.11.84

  7. Rodríguez García R, Rodríguez Silva R. Agenesia congénita de clítoris y labios menores en una niña de 8 años de edad. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2018;86(7):490-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24245/gom.v86i.1842

  8. Carqueja IM, Sousa J, Mansilha A. Vascular malformations: classification, diagnosis and treatment. Int Angiol. 2018;37(2):127-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.18.03961-5

  9. Carvajal Carvajal C. Síndrome metabólico: definiciones, epidemiología, etiología, componentes y tratamiento. Med Leg Costa Rica. 2017 [acceso: 20/07/2021];34(1):175-93. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-00152017000100175&lng=en

  10. Nazar C, Zamora M, Vega E, de la Cuadra JC, Searle S, Dagnino B. Cirugía Plástica y sus complicaciones: ¿En qué debemos fijarnos? Rev Chil Cir. 2014 [acceso: 20/07/2021];66(6):603-13. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/rchcir/v66n6/art16.pdf

  11. Canto Vidal B, Gil Milá J, Pérez García A, Gil Ojeda E, Molina Macías D, Aguilar Colina D. Cirugía reparadora en el servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial. Cienfuegos, 2015-2019. Medisur. 2020 [acceso: 20/07/2021];18(6):7. Disponible en: http://www.medisur.sld.cu/index.php/medisur/article/view/4814

  12. Rodríguez 0’Hallorans M. El Síndrome de Laurence-Moon-Biedl. Rev Cubana Med. 2019 [acceso: 20/07/2021];3(3). Disponible en: http://www.revmedicina.sld.cu/index.php/med/article/view/553

  13. Bruel AL, Franco B, Duffourd Y, Thevenon J, Jego L, Lopez E, et al. Fifteen years of research on oral-facial-digital syndromes: from 1 to 16 causal genes. J Med Genet. 2017;54(6):371-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104436

  14. Kilinc DD, Ozsarp E. Papillon Léage and psaume syndrome patient with multiple dental and orofacial anomalies. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(6):872-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_451_18

  15. Syed S, Sawant PR, Spadigam A, Dhupar A. Oro-facial-digital syndrome type I: a case report with novel features. Autops Case Rep. 2021;11:e2021315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4322/acr.2021.315

  16. Azukizawa T, Yamamoto M, Narumiya S, Takano T. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 with hypothalamic hamartoma and Dandy-Walker malformation. Pediatr Neurol. 2013;48(4):329-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.12.016

  17. Malekianzadeh B, Vosoughi F, Zargarbashi R. Orofaciodigital syndrome type II (Mohr syndrome): a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):793. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03825-x

  18. Edel T, Zárate Sanabria AG, Briceño Balcázar I, Martínez Lozano JC. Paciente con síndrome oro-facio-digital tipo II. Reporte del caso. Iatreia. 2017;30(1):86-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n1a09

  19. Van Gils J, Magdinier F, Fergelot P, Lacombe D. Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: A Model of Epigenetic Disorder. Genes (Basel). 2021;12(7):968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12070968

  20. Fergelot P, Van Belzen M, Van Gils J, Afenjar A, Armour CM, Arveiler B, et al. Phenotype and genotype in 52 patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome caused by EP300 mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 2016;170(12):3069-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.37940

  21. Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Raj AT, Gupta AA, Patil S, Alhazmi TH, et al. Genetic Mutations Associated with Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence: A Systematic Review. Mol Syndromol. 2021;12(2):69-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000513217

  22. Aljerian A, Gilardino MS. Treacher Collins Syndrome. Clin Plast Surg. 2019;46(2):197-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2018.11.005

  23. Cobb AR, Green B, Gill D, Ayliffe P, Lloyd TW, Bulstrode N. The surgical management of Treacher Collins syndrome. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Sep;52(7):581-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.02.007

  24. Al Namnam NM, Hariri F, Thong MK, Rahman ZA. Crouzon syndrome: Genetic and intervention review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019;9(1):37-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.08.007

  25. Tripathi T, Srivastava D, Bhutiani N, Rai P. Comprehensive management of Crouzon syndrome: A case report with three-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2022;49(1):71-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14653125211019412

  26. Alshamrani AA, Al-Shahwan S. Glaucoma With Crouzon Syndrome. J Glaucoma. 2018;27(6):e110-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000946

  27. Alam MK, Alfawzan AA, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Ganji KK, Manay SM. Craniofacial morphology in Apert syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):5708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09764-y

  28. Altshuler E, Saidi A, Budd J. DiGeorge syndrome: consider the diagnosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2022;15(2):e245164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-245164

  29. Angiero F, Farronato D, Ferrante F, Paglia M, Crippa R, Rufino L, et al. Clinical, histomorphological and therapeutic features of the Van der Woude Syndrome: literature review and presentation of an unusual case. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018;19(1):70-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2018.19.01.13

  30. Peralta Mamani M, Terrero Pérez Á, Dalben G, Rubira CM, Honório HM, Rubira Bullen IF. Treatment of lower lip pits in Van der Woude syndrome: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(4):421-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.10.002

  31. Chowdhury S, Sarkar S, Guha D, Dasgupta MK. Moebius Syndrome: A Rare Entity or a Missed Diagnosis? J Pediatr Neurosci. 2020;15(2):128-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpn.JPN_72_19

  32. Guzmán Cerda J, Carrasco González C, Rangel Charqueño MG. Síndrome de ectrodactilia-displasia ectodérmica-hendidura: reporte de un caso. Rev Mex Oftalmol. 2017;91(2):91-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mexoft.2016.01.008

  33. Salazar Fernández MA, Romero de León E, Menchaca Flores PN, Torre Martínez HH. Síndrome de ectrodactilia, displasia ectodérmica y labio-paladar hendidos. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2010 [acceso: 20/07/2021];47(2):236-42. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75072010000200012&lng=es

  34. Schultz KP, Dong E, Truong TA, Maricevich RS. Parry Romberg Syndrome. Clin Plast Surg. 2019;46(2):231-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2018.11.007

  35. Kumar NG, Maurya BS, Sudeep CS. Parry Romberg Syndrome: Literature Review and Report of Three Cases. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2019;18(2):210-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-018-1147-7

  36. Jiménez Castillo MI, Moleón Rodríguez FJ, Martín Masot R. Posible síndrome de PHACE(S). Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 2017 [acceso: 20/07/2021];19(73):51-6. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322017000100007&lng=es

  37. Rotter A, Samorano LP, Rivitti Machado MC, Oliveira ZNP, Gontijo B. PHACE syndrome: clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management. An Bras Dermatol. 2018;93(3):405-11. DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187693

  38. Taslicay CA, Dervisoglu E, Ciftci E, Corapcioglu F, Anik Y. PHACE Syndrome: A Rare Case. J Pediatr Genet. 2020;9(1):27-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694705

  39. Bianchi F, Auricchio AM, Battaglia DI, Chieffo DRP, Massimi L. Sturge-Weber syndrome: an update on the relevant issues for neurosurgeons. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(10):2553-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-020-04695-3

  40. Maraña Pérez AI, Ruiz Falcó Rojas ML, Puertas Martín V, Domínguez Carral J, Carreras Sáez I, Duat Rodríguez A, et al. Analysis of Sturge-Weber syndrome: A retrospective study of multiple associated variables. Neurologia. 2017;32(6):363-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2015.12.012

  41. Tambasco N, Belcastro V, Prontera P, Nigro P, Donti E, Rossi A, et al. Shapiro's syndrome: Defining the clinical spectrum of the spontaneous paroxysmal hypothermia syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2014;18(4):453-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.02.001

  42. Pangtey BP, Kohli P, Ramasamy K. Wyburn-Mason syndrome presenting with bilateral retinal racemose hemangioma with unilateral serous retinal detachment. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66(12):1869-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_455_18

  43. Fortes B, Lin J, Prakhunhungsit S, Mendoza Santiesteban C, Berrocal AM. Spectrum of peripheral retinal ischemia in Wyburn-Mason syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020;18:100640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100640

  44. Pérez L, Iparraguirre H, Tejero ME, Olagüe C, Pose G. Síndrome lumbar. A propósito de un caso. Arch Pediatr Urug. 2019 [acceso: 20/07/2021];90(5):289-94. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.edu.uy/pdf/adp/v90n5/1688-1249-adp-90-05-289.pdf

  45. Arlen AM, Nawaf C, Kirsch AJ. Prune belly syndrome: current perspectives. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2019;10:75-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S188014

  46. Carvalho Pimentel LH, Campos Paiva AL, Esteves Veiga JC, Brasileiro De Aguiar G. Síndrome de Davidenkow: Una neuropatía periférica rara. Medicina. 2016 [acceso: 20/07/2021];76(1):33-5. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0025-76802016000100006&lng=es

  47. Wong E, DeOrchis VS, Stein B, Herskovitz S. Davidenkow syndrome: A phenotypic variant of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. Muscle Nerve. 2018;57(3):E108-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25985

  48. Halim A, Afzal T, Fatima S, Riaz S. A Newborn with Rare McKusick Syndrome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2018;28(6):S140-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2018.06.S140

  49. Kojmane W, Hmami F, Atmani S. Adams-Oliver syndrome and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2019;146(3):223-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2018.11.009

  50. Suarez E, Bertoli MJ, Eloy JD, Shah SP. Case report and review of literature of a rare congenital disorder: Adams-Oliver syndrome. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-021-01339-0

  51. Baral Ross JH, Orozco Hechavarría N, Prades Hung E. Síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser o agenesia de útero y vagina en una paciente joven. MEDISAN. 2018 [acceso: 20/07/2021];22(7):552-8. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192018000700552&lng=es

  52. Rohrschneider K, Bolz HJ. The Bardet-Biedl Syndrome - Diagnosis and Follow-up. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2020;237(3):239-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1118-3748

  53. Cruz Carrazana CE, García Carrazana C. Síndrome de Prader-Willi. A propósito de un caso. Rev Finlay. 2021 [acceso: 20/07/2021];11(2):207-11. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2221-24342021000200207&lng=es

  54. Angulo MA, Butler MG, Cataletto ME. Prader-Willi syndrome: a review of clinical, genetic, and endocrine findings. J Endocrinol Invest. 2015;38(12):1249-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0312-9

  55. Borrego López JA, Varona Sánchez JA, Areces Delgado G, Formoso Martín LE. Síndrome de Morris. Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol. 2012 [acceso: 20/07/2021];38(3):415-23. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0138-600X2012000300014&lng=es

  56. Tamayo Carbon AM, Vila Garcia E, Cuastumal Figueroa DK, Quesada Peña S. Poland Syndrome: Experience in Cuba. J Transplant & Plastic Surg. 2021;5(1):000157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23880/ijtps-16000157

  57. Hashim EA, Quek BH, Chandran S. A narrative review of Poland's syndrome: theories of its genesis, evolution and its diagnosis and treatment. Transl Pediatr. 2021;10(4):1008-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-20-320

  58. Hakami OA, Ahmed S, Karavitaki N. Epidemiology and mortality of Cushing's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;35(1):101521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2021.101521

  59. Facio Lince A, Pérez Palacio MI, Molina Valencia JL, Martínez Sánchez LM. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico y complicaciones metabólicas: más allá del exceso de andrógenos. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol. 2015;80(6):515-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75262015000600013

  60. Tamayo Carbón A, Orozco Jaramillo M, Posada Ruiz D. Sustancias adyuvantes y síndrome autoinmune inflamatorio inducido por adyuvantes. Presentación de un caso. Panorama Cuba Salud. 2019 [acceso: 20/07/2021];15(1):59-64. Disponible en: http://revpanorama.sld.cu/index.php/panorama/article/view/1120

  61. Ritelli M, Colombi M. Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Related Connective Tissue Disorders. Genes. 2020;11(5):547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11050547

  62. Miller E, Grosel JM. A review of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. JAAPA. 2020;33(4):23-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000657160.48246.91

  63. Zambrana Rojas T, Vallarta Rodríguez A, Duarte Sánchez A. Labor de proyección humanitaria de la FILACP. Campaña 2019. Cir Plast Ibero Lationoam. 2019;45(4):449-56. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s0376-78922019000400014

  64. Leung AK, Leung AA. Gynecomastia in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 2017;10(2):127-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1872214811666170301124033

  65. Laimon W, El Hawary A, Aboelenin H, Elzohiri M, Abdelmaksoud S, Megahed N, et al. Prepubertal gynecomastia is not always idiopathic: case series and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(3):977-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03799-x

  66. Layt CW. Augmentation Mastopexy: Planning and Performance for Predictability: Management of Complications. Clin Plast Surg. 2021;48(1):45-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2020.09.002

  67. Homsy A, Rüegg E, Montandon D, Vlastos G, Modarressi A, Pittet B. Breast Reconstruction: A Century of Controversies and Progress. Ann Plast Surg. 2018;80(4):457-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000001312

  68. Khavanin N, Jordan SW, Rambachan A, Kim JY. A systematic review of single-stage augmentation-mastopexy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(5):922-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000000582

  69. Cárdenas Camarena L. Transferencia de tejido graso autólogo: un procedimiento quirúrgico multifuncional. Cir Plast Ibero Latinoam. 2013;39(1):s90-8. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S037678922013000500018

  70. Diepenbrock RM, Green JM. Autologous Fat Transfer for Maxillofacial Reconstruction. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2018;26(1):59-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cxom.2017.11.002

  71. Lazzati A, Katsahian S, Maladry D, Gerard E, Gaucher S. Plastic surgery in bariatric patients: a nationwide study of 17,000 patients on the national administrative database. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018;14(5):646-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2018.01.010

  72. Tamayo Carbón AM, Siñani Díaz WR, García Torres DD. Dermolipectomía abdominal funcional en paciente de alto riesgo quirúrgico. Rev Cient Cienc Med. 2019 [acceso: 20/0772021];22(1):43-7. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1817-74332019000100007&lng=es

  73. Passos IM, Britto RL. Diagnosis and treatment of müllerian malformations. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;59(2):183-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.01.003

  74. Echavarría Restrepo LG, Echavarría Medina A, Gómez Londoño M, López Torres LF, Gallego Mejía A, Henao López CP. Reporte de serie de casos: neovagina en pacientes con Síndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol. 2019;84(3):236-44. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75262019000300236

  75. Dear J, Creighton SM, Conway GS, Williams L, Liao LM. Sexual Experience before Treatment for Vaginal Agenesis: A Retrospective Review of 137 Women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2019;32(3):300-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2018.12.005

  76. Tamayo Carbón AM, Bencosme Escarramán YY, Medina Robainas RE. Hallazgos quirúrgicos en pacientes con alogenosis iatrogénica. Rev Cient Cienc Med. 2021;24(1):43-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51581/rccm.v24i1.344

  77. Tamayo Carbón AM, Vila García E, Chávez JC, Cuastumal Figueroa DK. Open Method for Surgical Removal of Modeling Substance in a Patient with Iatrogenic Gluteal Allogenosis. Int J Transplant & Plastic Surg. 2022;6(1):164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23880/ijtps-16000164

  78. Berkowitz S. A Review of the Cleft Lip/Palate Literature Reveals That Differential Diagnosis of the Facial Skeleton and Musculature is Essential to Achieve All Treatment Goals. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(4):1143-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000001592

  79. Preidl RH, Kesting M, Rau A. Perioperative Management in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate. J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31(1):95-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000005897

  80. Batut C, Joly A, Travers N, Guichard B, Paré A, Laure B. Surgical treatment of orbital hypertelorism: Historical evolution and development prospects. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(11):1712-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2019.07.002

  81. Shen W, Cui J, Chen J, Ying ZX. Treatment of orbital hypertelorism using inverted U-shaped osteotomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(2):415-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000001518

  82. Mantilla Martín AI. Reconstrucción auricular: experiencia de 24 años. Cir Plast Ibero Latinoam. 2008 [acceso: 20707/2021];34(2):107-18. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0376-78922008000200004&lng=es

  83. Al Kadah B, Naumann A, Schneider M, Schick B, Linxweiler M, Papaspyrou G. Auricular reconstruction with polyethylene implants or silicone prosthesis: A single institution experience. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018;46(12):2150-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2018.10.005

  84. Hontanilla Calatayud B, Aubá Guedea C, Vila Sobral A, Castro García J, San Martín Maya A, Botellé del Hierro J. et al. Protocolo quirúrgico en la reconstrucción de la parálisis facial: nuestra experiencia tras 140 casos tratados. Cir Plast Ibero Latinoam. 2008 [acceso: 20707/2021];34(3):185-200. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0376-78922008000300004&lng=es

  85. Kim SJ, Lee HY. Acute Peripheral Facial Palsy: Recent Guidelines and a Systematic Review of the Literature. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(30):e245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e245

  86. Vass G, Bere Z, Szabó D, Rovó L. Nasolabial suspension of the malar fat pad: a new, minimally invasive and reversible technique for facial symmetrization in permanent facial paralysis. Orv Hetil. 2019;160(22):869-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31344

  87. Spake CS, Beqiri D, Woo A. Optimizing Nasal Reconstruction in Severe Congenital Nasal Deviations. J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32(4):e396-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000007616

  88. Picard A, Zazurca F, Franchi G, Kadlub N, Galliani E, Neiva Vaz C, et al. Secondary nasal surgery with cleft palates. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2019;64(6):432-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2019.07.017

  89. Kajdic N, Spazzapan P, Velnar T. Craniosynostosis - Recognition, clinical characteristics, and treatment. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2018;18(2):110-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2017.2083

  90. Mathijssen IM. Updated Guideline on Treatment and Management of Craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32(1):371-450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000007035

  91. Rüegg EM, Bartoli A, Rilliet B, Scolozzi P, Montandon D, Pittet Cuénod B. Management of median and paramedian craniofacial clefts. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2019;72(4):676-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.01.001

  92. Koka K, Patel BC. Ptosis Correction. Stat Pearls. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30969650

  93. Satterfield KR, Chambers CB. Current treatment and management of infantile hemangiomas. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019;64(5):608-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.02.005

  94. Park SJ, Shin WB, Huon SA, Ryu HJ, Yoon JS. Surgical Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma Involuted With Fatty Degeneration. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(4):409-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000001403

  95. Papadakis M, Manios A, Trompoukis C. Surgical treatment of polydactyly and syndactyly during the 4th century AD. Acta Chir Belg. 2019;119(1):64-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2018.1534392

  96. Tamayo Carbón AM, Cuauhtémoc Alatorre AA, Cuastumal Figueroa DK, Chirino Rodríguez G, Ortega Rincón A. Un enfoque clínico terapéutico para la alopecia androgenética: una descripción general. EIMEC Scientific. 2022 [acceso: 2070772021];1(1). Disponible en: https://www.eimecscientific.com/un-enfoque-clinico-terapeutico-para-la-alopecia-androgenetica-una-descripcion-general/

  97. Tamayo Carbón AM, Cuauhtémoc Alatorre AA, Cuastumal Figueroa DK, Chirino Rodríguez G, Ortega Rincón A. Enfoque terapéutico clínico de la alopecia androgenética: tratamiento quirúrgico y más allá. EIMEC Scientific. 2022 [acceso: 2070772021];1(1). Disponible en: https://www.eimecscientific.com/enfoque-terapeutico-clinico-de-la-alopecia-androgenetica-tratamiento-quirurgico-y-mas-alla/




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com