medigraphic.com
ISSN 1405-1699 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2024, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2024; 33 (1)

Anti-NMDA encephalitis: case report and literature review

Pérez CH, Paz GAL, Amador GK, Nava RIC, González LRH, Azamar JAA

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 21-26
PDF size: 222.50 Kb.


ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 6-year-old girl with anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis, an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system caused by antibodies directed against NMDA receptors. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of the characteristic symptoms for this disease, since a part of these patients can present with important autonomic disfunction that can lead to their death. Our patient arrived at our clinic with an advanced form to the disease, presenting important and progressive neurological disbalance which lead to her admission to the Critical Care Unit and eventually to her death despite treatment.


REFERENCES

  1. Costa D, Sardoeira A, Carneiro P, Neves E, Santos E, da Silva AM et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: suspicion in clinical practice and mimics. J Neuroimmunol. 2022; 365: 577824.

  2. Dalmau J, Graus F. Autoimmune encephalitis and related disorders of the nervous system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2022.

  3. Nguyen L, Wang C. Anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis: diagnosis and management strategies. Int J Gen Med. 2023; 16: 7-21.

  4. Huang Q, Xie Y, Hu Z, Tang X. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A review of pathogenic mechanisms, treatment, prognosis. Brain Res. 2020; 1727: 146549.

  5. Gable MS, Sheriff H, Dalmau J, Tilley DH, Glaser CA. The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 54 (7): 899-904.

  6. García-Beristáin JC, Barragán- Pérez E, Choperena-Rodríguez R, Reyes-Cruz G. Encefalitis autoinmune en pediatría. Acta Pediatr Mex. 2017; 38 (4): 274-279.

  7. Hanada T. Ionotropic glutamate receptors in epilepsy: a review focusing on AMPA and NMDA receptors. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (3): 464.

  8. Dalmau J. NMDA receptor encephalitis and other antibody-mediated disorders of the synapse: The 2016 Cotzias Lecture. Neurology. 2016; 87 (23): 2471-2482.

  9. Benarroch EE. NMDA receptors: recent insights and clinical correlations. Neurology. 2011; 76 (20): 1750-1757.

  10. Luna-Lario P, Hernáez-Goñi P, Tirapu-Ustárroz J. Aportaciones de la neuropsicología a la encefalitis por anticuerpos antirreceptor de NMDA: revisión de la bibliografía. Rev Neurol. 2016; 62 (9): 415-422.

  11. Samra K, Rogers J, Mahdi-Rogers M, Stanton B. Catatonia with GABAA receptor antibodies. Pract Neurol. 2020; 20 (2): 139-143.

  12. Endres D, Leypoldt F, Bechter K, Hasan A, Steiner J, Domschke K et al. Autoimmune encephalitis as a differential diagnosis of schizophreniform psychosis: clinical symptomatology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic considerations. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020; 270 (7): 803-818.

  13. Yan L, Zhang S, Huang X, Tang Y, Wu J. Clinical study of autonomic dysfunction in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Front Neurol. 2021; 12: 609750.

  14. Blinder T, Lewerenz J. Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with autoimmune encephalitis-a systematic analysis. Front Neurol. 2019; 10: 804.

  15. Jeannin-Mayer S, André-Obadia N, Rosenberg S, Boutet C, Honnorat J, Antoine JC et al. EEG analysis in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: Description of typical patterns. Clin Neurophysiol. 2019; 130 (2): 289-296.

  16. Liang C, Chu E, Kuoy E, Soun JE. Autoimmune-mediated encephalitis and mimics: A neuroimaging review. J Neuroimaging. 2023; 33 (1): 19-34.

  17. Heuer C, Disse L, Ledergerber D, Jelcic I, Imbach LL. EEG-Delta brushes in DPPX encephalitis - Welcome to the club. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2022; 8: 12-15.

  18. Abboud H, Probasco JC, Irani S, Ances B, Benavides DR, Bradshaw M et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed best practice recommendations for diagnosis and acute management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021; 92 (7): 757-768.

  19. Graus F. Autoimmune encephalitis and related syndromes. J Clin Med. 2023; 12 (11): 3832.

  20. Shin YW, Lee ST, Park KI, Jung KH, Jung KY, Lee SK et al. Treatment strategies for autoimmune encephalitis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2017; 11: 1756285617722347.

  21. Liu CY, Zhu J, Zheng XY, Ma C, Wang X. Anti-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a severe, potentially reversible autoimmune encephalitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2017; 2017: 6361479.

  22. Hébert J, Muccilli A, Wennberg RA, Tang-Wai DF. Autoimmune encephalitis and autoantibodies: a review of clinical implications. J Appl Lab Med. 2022; 7 (1): 81-98.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com