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2024, Number 1

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Acta Med 2024; 22 (1)

Fat embolism: a current review

Palmero PJ, Lassard RJ, Levin CN, Navarro ALL, Busto RR

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 48-53
PDF size: 168.94 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: fat embolism is defined as vascular obstruction due to the presence of fat particles within the microcirculation, which can be secondary to trauma, surgery (orthopedic and aesthetic) or non-traumatic causes. Objectives: to describe the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and updated treatment of fat embolism. Material and methods: descriptive observational study performed by systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO, using the search terms: fat embolism syndrome, fat embolism, FES, hypoxia y trauma. The articles with a relevant contribution to this research were selected. A final sample of 28 articles was obtained. Results: the incidence of fat embolism ranges from 1 to 30%, being more frequent in men between 10 and 40 years of age. There are several theories about its physiopathology, emphasizing the relevance of lipase and free fatty acids in its etiology. Clinically it is characterized by a triad (petechiae, neurological alteration and hypoxia). Diagnosis is based on Gurd and Wilson criteria, supported by complementary studies. Treatment is focused on life support. Conclusions: due to its incidence and possible complications, it is vital to train medical personnel on this pathology, for the development of a strategic plan aimed at early detection.


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