medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-1523 (Electronic)
Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios

2024, Number 1

<< Back

Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 2024; 14 (1)

Endocannabinoid system and eating behavior

Ramírez-Emiliano J, Ortega-Barrón IG, Caudillo-Ortega NA, Negrete-Díaz JV, Pérez-Vázquez V

Language: English
References: 51
Page: 101-112
PDF size: 402.24 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The objective of this systematic review was to investigate previously published literature that examined the effect of hypercaloric diet on the endocannabinoid system, eating behavior, and the development of obesity. In the present review, we analyzed and described the evidence that suggests that the regulation of the endocannabinoid system through the activation of the receptors for cannabinoid type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) by modulating the production of anandamide, 2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and oleamide, influence the appetite and satiety centers, inducing or inhibiting the consumption of hypercaloric foods such as Western diet; thereby altering the production of hormones like the ghrelin, insulin, peptide YY and leptin. However, the adequate doses of pure cannabinoids and/or the cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis herbal extracts for the treatment of eating disorders like anorexia and/or obesity, neither for disorders of the mood, have not determined.


REFERENCES

  1. Andries, A., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A. & Støving, R. K. (2014).Dronabinol in severe, enduring anorexia nervosa: arandomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord, 47(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/EAT.22173

  2. Avraham, Y., Latzer, Y., Hasid, D. & Berry, E. M. (2017a).The impact of Δ9-THC on the psychological Symptomsof anorexia nervosa: A pilot study. Isr J Psychiatry,54(3), 44–51.

  3. Avraham, Y., Latzer, Y., Hasid, D. & Berry, E. M. (2017b).The impact of Δ9-THC on the psychological Symptomsof anorexia nervosa: A pilot study. Isr J Psychiatry, 54(3),

  4. 44–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29735812/4. Berthoud, H. R. (2002). Multiple neural systems controllingfood intake and body weight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 26(4),393–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01497634(02)00014-3

  5. Broberger, C. (2005). Brain regulation of food intake andappetite: molecules and networks. J Intern Med, 258(4), 301–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2796.2005.01553.X

  6. Brown, I., Cascio, M. G., Rotondo, D., Pertwee, R. G., Heys,S. D. & Wahle, K. W. J. (2013). Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 endocannabinoids as cell death and anticancermodulators. Prog Lipid Res, 52(1), 80–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PLIPRES.2012.10.001

  7. Casteels, C., Gérard, N., Van Kuyck, K., Pottel, L., Nuttin,B., Bormans, G. & Van Laere, K. (2014). Small animalPET imaging of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor ina rodent model for anorexia nervosa. Eur J Nucl MedMol Imaging, 41(2), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00259-013-2522-8

  8. Chaves, Y. C., Genaro, K., Crippa, J. A., da Cunha, J. M. &Zanoveli, J. M. (2021) Cannabidiol induces antidepressantand anxiolytic-like effects in experimentaltype-1 diabetic animals by multiple sites of action. MetabBrain Dis, 36(4), 639–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11011-020-00667-3

  9. Ching-Heng, T., Chin-Wen, C., Chung-Pin, L. & Chih-Yen, C. (2015). Differential modulation of endogenouscannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in spontaneousand splice variants of ghrelin-induced food intake inconscious rats. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,Calif.), 31(1), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NUT.2014.06.008

  10. Clark, T. M., Jones, J. M., Hall, A. G., Tabner, S. A. & Kmiec,R. L. (2018). Theoretical explanation for reducedbody mass index and obesity rates in cannabis users.Cannabis Cannabinoid Res, 3(1), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1089/CAN.2018.0045

  11. Cluny, N. L., Keenan, C. M., Reimer, R. A., Foll, B. Le &Sharkey, K. A. (2015). Prevention of diet-inducedobesity effects on body weight and gut microbiota inmice treated chronically with Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol.PloS One, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0144270

  12. Cordain, L., Eaton, S. B., Sebastian, A., Mann, N., Lindeberg,S., Watkins, B. A., O’Keefe, J. H. & Brand-Miller,J. (2005). Origins and evolution of the Western diet:health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr,81(2), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN.81.2.341

  13. Cravatt, B. F., Giang, D. K., Mayfield, S. P., Boger, D. L.,Lerner, R. A. & Gilula, N. B. (1996). Molecular characterizationof an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatoryfatty- acid amides. Nature, 384(6604), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/384083A0

  14. Cruz-Martínez, A. M., González-Hernández, B., Cendejas-Trejo, N. M., Mancilla-Díaz, J. M., Florán-Garduño,B. & Escartín-Pérez, R. E. (2010). Inhibición de la saciedadalimentaria inducida por activación de receptoresCB1 hipotalámicos. Rev Mex Anal Conducta, 36(2), 39–51.

  15. Di Marzo, V., Bifulco, M. & De Petrocellis, L. (2004). Theendocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitation.Nat Rev Drug Discov, 3(9), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.1038/NRD1495

  16. Díaz-Rúa, A., Chivite, M., Comesaña, S., Velasco, C.,Valente, L. M. P., Soengas, J. L. & Conde-Sieira, M.(2020). The endocannabinoid system is affected by ahigh-fat-diet in rainbow trout. Horm Behav, 125, 104825.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YHBEH.2020.104825

  17. Dinh, T. P., Carpenter, D., Leslie, F. M., Freund, T. F., Katona,I., Sensi, S. L., Kathuria, S. & Piomelli, D. (2002).Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoidinactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(16),10819–10824. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.152334899

  18. Dong, Z., Gong, H., Chen, Y., Wu, H., Wu, J., Deng, Y.& Song, X. (2018). LH-21, A peripheral cannabinoidreceptor 1 antagonist, exerts favorable metabolic modulationincluding antihypertensive effect in KKAy miceby regulating inflammatory cytokines and adipokineson adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 9, 167.https://doi.org/10.3389/FENDO.2018.00167

  19. Engeli, S., Böhnke, J., Feldpausch, M., Gorzelniak, K., Janke,J., Bátkai, S., Pacher, P., Harvey-White, J., Luft, F.C., Sharma, A. M. & Jordan, J. (2005). Activation of theperipheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity.Diabetes, 54(10), 2838–2843. https://doi.org/10.2337/DIABETES.54.10.2838

  20. Farokhnia, M., McDiarmid, G. R., Newmeyer, M. N., Munjal,V., Abulseoud, O. A., Huestis, M. A. & Leggio, L.(2020). Effects of oral, smoked, and vaporized cannabison endocrine pathways related to appetite and metabolism:a randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlledhuman laboratory study. Transl Psychiatry, 10(1), 71.https://doi.org/10.1038/S41398-020-0756-3

  21. Farrimond, J. A., Whalley, B. J. & Williams, C. M. (2012).Cannabinol and cannabidiol exert opposing effects onrat feeding patterns. Psychopharmacology, 223(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00213-012-2697-X

  22. Fraguas-Sánchez, A. I., Fernández-Carballido, A. M. &Torres-Suárez, A. I. (2014). Cannabinoides: una prometedoraherramienta para el desarrollo de nuevasterapias. An Real Acad Farm, 80(3), 555–577.

  23. Franco, R., Rivas-Santisteban, R., Reyes-Resina, I., Casanovas,M., Pérez-Olives, C., Ferreiro-Vera, C., Navarro,G., Sánchez de Medina, V. & Nadal, X. (2020). Pharmacologicalpotential of varinic-, minor-, and acidicphytocannabinoids. Pharmacol Res, 158, 104801. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHRS.2020.104801

  24. Freitas, H. R., Isaac, A. R., Malcher-Lopes, R., Diaz, B. L.,Trevenzoli, I. H. & De Melo Reis, R. A. (2018). Polyunsaturatedfatty acids and endocannabinoids in healthand disease. Nutr Neurosci, 21(10), 695–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2017.1347373

  25. Gatta-Cherifi, B., Matias, I., Vallée, M., Tabarin, A., Marsicano,G., Piazza, P. V. & Cota, D. (2012). Simultaneouspostprandial deregulation of the orexigenic endocannabinoidanandamide and the anorexigenic peptide YYin obesity. Int J Obes (Lond), 36(6), 880–885. https://doi.org/10.1038/IJO.2011.165

  26. Gérard, N., Pieters, G., Goffin, K., Bormans, G. & Van Laere,K. (2011). Brain type 1 cannabinoid receptor availabilityin patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. BiolPsychiatry, 70(8), 777–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOPSYCH.2011.05.010

  27. Guindon, J. & Hohmann, A. (2009). The endocannabinoidsystem and pain. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 8(6),403–421. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152709789824660

  28. Haney, M., Ward, A. S., Comer, S. D., Foltin, R. W. & Fischman,M. W. (1999a). Abstinence symptoms followingoral THC administration to humans. Psychopharmacology(Berl), 141(4), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/S002130050848

  29. Haney, M., Ward, A. S., Comer, S. D., Foltin, R. W. &Fischman, M. W. (1999b). Abstinence symptomsfollowing smoked marijuana in humans. Psychopharmacology(Berl), 141(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/S002130050849

  30. Hanlon, E. C., Leproult, R., Stuhr, K. L., Doncheck, E.M., Hillard, C. J. & Van Cauter, E. (2020). Circadianmisalignment of the 24-hour profile of endocannabinoid2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in obese adults.J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 105(3), 792– 802. https://doi.org/10.1210/CLINEM/DGAA028

  31. Matias, I., Gonthier, M. P., Orlando, P., Martiadis, V., DePetrocellis, L., Cervino, C., Petrosino, S., Hoareau, L.,Festy, F., Pasquali, R., Roche, R., Maj, M., Pagotto, U.,Monteleone, P. & Di Marzo, V. (2006). Regulation,function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids inmodels of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesityand hyperglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91(8),3171–3180. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2005-2679

  32. Miederer, I., Wiegand, V., Bausbacher, N., Leukel, P.,Maus, S., Hoffmann, M. A., Lutz, B. & Schreckenberger,M. (2020). Quantification of the CannabinoidType 1 Receptor Availability in the Mouse Brain. Frontiersin Neuroanatomy, 14, 95. https://doi.org/10.3389/FNANA.2020.593793/BIBTEX

  33. Monteleone, P., Piscitelli, F., Scognamiglio, P., Monteleone,A. M., Canestrelli, B., Di Marzo, V. & Maj, M.(2012). Hedonic eating is associated with increasedperipheral levels of ghrelin and the endocannabinoid2-arachidonoyl-glycerol in healthy humans: a pilotstudy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 97(6), E917–E924. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2011-3018

  34. Muguruza, C., Redon, B., Fois, G. R., Hurel, I., Scocard, A.,Nguyen, C., Stevens, C., Soria-Gomez, E., Varilh, M.,Cannich, A., Daniault, J., Busquets-Garcia, A., Pelliccia,T., Caillé, S., Georges, F., Marsicano, G. & Chaouloff,F. (2019). The motivation for exercise over palatablefood is dictated by cannabinoid type-1 receptors. JCIInsight, 4(5), e126190. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI.INSIGHT.126190

  35. Murray, C. J. L., Mokdad, A. H., Ballestros, K., Echko, M.,Glenn, S., Olsen, H. E., Mullany, E., Lee, A., Khan, A. R.,Ahmadi, A., Ferrari, A. J., Kasaeian, A., Werdecker, A.,Carter, A., Zipkin, B., Sartorius, B., Serdar, B., Sykes,B. L., Troeger, C., … Murray, C. J. L. (2018). The state ofUS health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, andrisk factors among US states. JAMA, 319(14), 1444–1472.https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2018.0158

  36. Oliveira, T. P. D., Goncalves, B. D. C., Oliveira, B. S., de Oliveira,A. C. P., Reis, H. J., Ferreira, C. N., Aguiar, D.C., de Miranda, A. S., Ribeiro, F. M., Vieira, E. M. L.,Palotas, A. & Vieira, L. B. (2021). Negative modulationof the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 as a potentialtherapeutic strategy in obesity and binge-likeeating behavior. Front Neurosci, 15, 631311. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.631311 WE - Science Citation IndexExpanded (SCI-EXPANDED)

  37. Parray, H. A. & Yun, J. W. (2016). Cannabidiol promotesbrowning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem, 416(1–2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11010-016-2702-5

  38. Pazos, M. R., Núñez, E., Benito, C., Tolón, R. M. & Romero,J. (2005). Functional neuroanatomy of the endocannabinoid system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 81(2),239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PBB.2005.01.030

  39. Piccolo, M., Claussen, M. C., Bluemel, S., Schumacher, S.,Cronin, A., Fried, M., Goetze, O., Martin-Soelch, C. &Milos, G. (2020). Altered circulating endocannabinoidsin anorexia nervosa during acute and weight-restoredphases: A pilot study. European Eating Disorders Review :The Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 28(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/ERV.2709

  40. Puente, N., Cui, Y., Lassalle, O., Lafourcade, M., Georges, F.,Venance, L., Grandes, P. & Manzoni, O. J. (2011). Polymodalactivation of the endocannabinoid system inthe extended amygdala. Nat Neurosci, 14(12), 1542–1547.https://doi.org/10.1038/NN.2974

  41. Riggs, P. K., Vaida, F., Rossi, S. S., Sorkin, L. S., Gouaux,B., Grant, I. & Ellis, R. J. (2012). A pilot study of theeffects of cannabis on appetite hormones in HIV-infectedadult men. Brain Res, 1431, 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BRAINRES.2011.11.001

  42. Rochefort, G., Provencher, V., Castonguay-Paradis,S., Perron, J., Lacroix, S., Martin, C., Flamand, N.,Di Marzo, V. & Veilleux, A. (2021). Intuitive eatingis associated with elevated levels of circulatingomega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived endocannabinoidomemediators. Appetite, 156, 104973. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPET.2020.104973

  43. Sakamoto, K., Akiyama, Y., Fukui, K., Kamada, H. & Satoh,S. (1998). Characterization; genome sizes and morphologyof sex chromosomes in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).Cytologia (Tokyo), 63(4), 459–464. https://doi.org/10.1508/CYTOLOGIA.63.459

  44. Sanchez-Fuentes, A., Marichal-Cancino, B. A., Mendez-Diaz,M., Becerril-Melendez, A. L., Ruiz-Contreras, A. E.& Prospero-Garcia, O. (2016). mGluR1/5 activation inthe lateral hypothalamus increases food intake via theendocannabinoid system. Neurosci Lett, 631, 104–108.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.020 WE - ScienceCitation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)

  45. Sansone, R. A. & Sansone, L. A. (2014). Marijuana and bodyweight. Innov Clin Neurosci, 11(7–8), 50–54.

  46. Simopoulos, A. P. (2002). The importance of the ratioof omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. BiomedPharmacother, 56(8), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00253-6

  47. Simopoulos, Artemis P. (2016). An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk forObesity. Nutrients, 8(3), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/NU8030128

  48. Van Gaal, L. F., Rissanen, A. M., Scheen, A. J., Ziegler, O.& Rössner, S. (2005). Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptorblocker rimonabant on weight reduction andcardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients:1-year experience from the RIO- Europe study. Lancet(London, England), 365(9468), 1389–1397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66374-X

  49. Yagin, N. L., Aliasgari, F., Alizadeh, M., Aliasgharzadeh, S.& Mahdavi, R. (2020). Comparison of endocannabinoidslevels, FAAH gene polymorphisms, and appetiteregulatory substances in women with and withoutbinge eating disorder: a cross- sectional study. NutritionResearch (New York, N.Y.), 83, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NUTRES.2020.09.001

  50. Yoshida, R., Ohkuri, T., Jyotaki, M., Yasuo, T., Horio, N.,Yasumatsu, K., Sanematsu, K., Shigemura, N., Yamamoto,T., Margolskee, R. F. & Ninomiya, Y. (2010).Endocannabinoids selectively enhance sweet taste.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107(2), 935–939. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.0912048107

  51. Zam, W., Saijari, R. & Sijari, Z. (2018). Overview on eatingdisorders. Prog Nutr, 20, 29–35. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v20i2-S.6970 WE - Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com