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2024, Number 1

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rev homeostasis 2024; 6 (1)

Virus de la Hepatitis C: panorama y terapias actuales

González-González JE, Ascencio-López ÁR, Bolaños-Chang AJ, Ledesma-Mijares RA, Guzmán-Castellanos JF, Martínez-Ayala P

Language: Spanish
References: 42
Page:
PDF size: 575.23 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Currently, HCV represents a global public health issue, with an estimated 60 to 70 million individuals chronically infected. It is calculated that in 2015, 1.75 million new HCV infections occurred. There are 8 currently recognized genotypes, with genotype 1 being the predominant one in Mexico and worldwide. HCV is an RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, whose genome encodes a single polyprotein that is later processed by proteases into three structural and seven non-structural proteins. The primary mode of transmission is exposure to contaminated blood. The main risk groups are people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men. The long incubation period and the mild clinical symptoms during the acute phase result in underdiagnosis until advanced stages. Following acute exposure, 75-80% of individuals develop chronic infection. Around 10-20% of individuals with chronic infection develop complications (decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma) over a period of 20-30 years, and it can also be accompanied by multiple extrahepatic complications. Direct-acting antiviral therapy, targeting the non-structural proteins of the virus, is curative in 95% of patients.


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