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2023, Number 4

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Ortho-tips 2023; 19 (4)

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: current concepts

Vilchez-Cavazos F, Arrambide-Garza FJ

Language: Spanish
References: 49
Page: 220-226
PDF size: 234.95 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of joint pain in young adults, especially in high-impact athletes. It occurs due to an abnormal morphology of the proximal femur or acetabular rim, resulting in an alteration in the joint mechanics. The clinical presentation is characterized by hip pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms, physical examination, and imaging findings. However, the treatment and prognosis vary according to the anatomical morphology, which can be categorized as cam or Pincer type. In cam-type morphology, a non-spherical shape of the femoral head predominates, while in Pincer-type morphology, there is an excessive bone formation on the acetabular rim. With repetitive loading and chronic stress, labral injuries can occur. Conservative management, such as physiotherapy or the use of analgesics, is the first line of treatment. However, if conservative therapy is insufficient, arthroscopic surgery is the most used treatment. Unfortunately, in the long term, an association with the development of osteoarthrosis (OA) has been found. Due to its occurrence and significance in certain populations, the interest in FAI has increased in recent years. This review aims to describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of FAI.


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