2023, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
Rev Mex Med Forense 2023; 8 (1)
Guidelines of temporary storage for biological evidence in the forensic laboratory
Martinez-Quiroz J
Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 124-144
PDF size: 342.25 Kb.
ABSTRACT
The storage of scientific evidence from a forensic investigation requires rules that prevent as much as possible the alteration in nature and integrity, so that, where appropriate, they can be presented at the courtroom, and subsequently, issues a sentence regarding a fact considered as crime. With regard to biological items, storage under conditions that prevent the deterioration or disappearance of both the collected material and its content is of paramount importance. In this regard, nowadays there is no guide or series of guidelines in Mexico that guarantee the stability and proper protection of blood, urine or other biological fluids and tissues, as well as seized drugs of abuse. The present work gathers information related to the environmental requirements to store biological evidence, to the classification that these must keep and to the modifications that each one of this evidence undergoes, together with the changes that the chemical substances contained in the same.
REFERENCES
Aguilar R.M.O. 7 Octubre 2021. V Congreso de Ciencias Forenses. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México. Recuperado de:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTcTzC3Aw3A
ISO 17025-2017. Requisitos generales para la competencia de los laboratorios de ensayo y calibración. International Standard Organization. Recuperado de:https://www.iso.org
NIST. 2013. The Biological Evidence Preservation Handbook: Best Practices for Evidence Handlers. Technical Working Group on Biological Evidence Preservation. National Institute of Standards and Technology. USA. Recuperado de:http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7928
Jantos R., Vermeeren A., Sabljic D., Ramaekers J.G., Skopp G. 2013. Degradation of zopiclone during storage of spiked and authentic whole blood and matching dried blood spots. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 127:69-76.DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0696-4
Robinson N., Kirchbichler A., Banuls O., Mader M., Aikin R., Sottas P.E., D’Onofrio G. 2016. Validation of a blood stability score as an easy-to-use blood sample quality index. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology 38:685-693.DOI:10.1111/ijlh.12557
Ashenden M., Clarke A., Sharpe K., D’Onofrio G., Plowman J., Gore C.J. 2013. Stability of athlete passport parameters during extended storage. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 35:183-192DOI:10.1111/ijlh.12014
Hess J.R. 2014. Measures of stored red blood cell quality. Vox Sanguinis,107:1-9DOI: 10.1111/vox.12130
Wu D.W., Li Y.M., Wang F. 2017. How long can we store blood samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EBioMedicine, 24: 277-285.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.024
Trombetta D.P., Foote E.F. 2009. The Kidneys. En: Basic Skills in interpreting laboratory data. Lee M (Ed.) 4th edition. American Society of Health System Pharmacists. Maryland, USA.
Dinis Oliveira R.J., Carvalho F., Duarte J.A., Remiao F., Marques A., Santos A., Magalhaes T. 2010. Collection of biological samples in forensic toxicology. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 20 (7): 363-414.DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.497976
Skopp G., Pötsch L. 2004. An investigation of the stability of free and glucuronidated 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9- carboxylic acid in authentic urine samples. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 28: 35-40.DOI: 10.1093/jat/28.1.35
Chace D.H., Lappas N.T. 2014. The use of dried blood spots and stains in forensic science. En Li W., Lee M.S. (Eds). Dried Blood Spots: Applications and Techniques. 1st edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 140-150
Stertzik V., Hinderberger P., Panzer S., Bohnert M. 2018. Visualizing old biological traces on different materials without using chemicals. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 132: 35-41.DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1678-3
Cossette ML., Stotesbury T., Shafer A.B.A. 2021. Quantifying visible absorbance changes and DNA degradation in aging bloodstains under extreme temperatures. Forensic Science International, 318: 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110627
Rahi G.S., Adams J.L., Yuan J., Devone D.J.N., Lodhi K.M. 2021. Whole human blood DNA degradation associated with artificial ultraviolet and solar radiations as a function of exposure time. Forensic Science International, 319: 1-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110674
Franceschetti L., Di Candia D., Giordano G., Carabelli I., Vignali G., Cattaneo C. 2021. Drugs in bone: Detectability of substances of toxicological interest in different states of preservation. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 66: 677-686.https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14636
Tzatzarakis M.N., Alegakis A.K., Kavvalakis M.P., Vakonaki E., Stivaktakis P.D., Kanaki K., Vardavas A.I., Barbounis E.G., Tsatsakis A.M. 2017. Comparative evaluation of drug deposition in hair samples collected from different anatomical body sites. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 41:214-223.DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw127
Kucera J., Kameník J., Havranek . 2018. Hair elemental analysis for forensic science using nuclear and related analytical methods. Forensic Chemistry, 7: 65-74.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2017.12.002
Baciu T., Borrull F., Aguilar C., Calull M. 2015. Recent trends in analytical methods and separation techniques for drugs of abuse in hair. Analytica Chimica Acta. 856: 1-26.DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.051
Koch S.L., Michaud A.L., Mikell C.E. 2013. Taphonomy of hair—A study of postmortem root banding. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58: S52-S59DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02271.x
Smith C., Cox J.O., Rhodes C., Lewis C., Koroma M., Hudson B.C., Cruz T.D., Seashols-Williams S.J. 2021. Comparison of DNA typing success in compromised blood and touch samples based on sampling swab composition. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 66: 1427-1434.DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14694
Verdon T.J., Mitchell .J., van Oorschot A.H. 2014. Swabs as DNA collection devices for sampling different biological materials from different substrates. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 59 (4): 1080-1089https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12427
Peters F.T. 2007. Stability of analytes in biosamples—an important issue in clinical and forensic toxicology? Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 388:1505-1519.DOI 10.1007/s00216-007-1267-2
Chen J., Hsieh Y. 2005. Stabilizing drug molecules in biological samples. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 27(5): 617-624.DOI: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000170879.18139.40
Reed G.A. 2016. Stability of drugs, drug candidates, and metabolites in blood and plasma. Current Protocols in Pharmacology, 7.6.1-7.6.12doi: 10.1002/cpph.16
Akala E.O. 2008. Effect of packaging on stability of drugs and drug products. En Gad S.C. (Ed.) Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook: Regulations and Quality. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 641 684.
Lam P., Lim F.J., Sane S.U. 2015. Drug substance frozen storage and thawing. En Jameel F. et al. (eds.), Quality by design for biopharmaceutical drug product development. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series 18. Pp. 159 189.DOI 10.1007/9781493923168_9
Nielsen L.S., Villesen P., Lindholst C. 2016. Stability of cocaine impurity profiles during 12 months of storage. Forensic Science International, 264: 56-62http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.012
Giorgi S.N., Meeker J.E. 1995. A 5 year stability study of common illicit drugs in blood. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 392-398.DOI: 10.1093/jat/19.6.392
Karinen R. Øiestad E.L., Andresen W., Smith-Kielland A., Christophersen A. 2011. Comparison of the stability of stock solutions of drugs of abuse and other drugs stored in a freezer, fefrigerator, and at ambient temperature for up to one year. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 35: 583-590.DOI: 10.1093/anatox/35.8.583
Skopp G., Pötsch L., Klingmann A., Mattern R. 2001. Stability of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide in fresh blood and plasma and postmortem blood samples. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 25: 2-7.
Sørensen L.K., Hasselstrøm J.B. 2015. Simultaneous determination of propofol and its glucuronide in whole blood by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and the influence of sample storage conditions on the reliability of the test results. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 109: 158-163.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.035
Skopp G., Pötsch L., König I., Mattern R. 1998. A preliminary study on the stability of benzodiazepines in blood and plasma stored at 4° C. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 111: 1-5.DOI: 10.1007/s004140050100
Busardò F.P. Zaami S., Baglio G., Indorato F., Montana A., Giarratana N., Kyriakou C., Marinelli E., Romano G. 2015. Assessment of the stability of exogenous gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in stored blood and urine specimens. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19: 4187-4194.
Nilsson G.H., Kugelberg F.C., Kronstrand R., Ahlner J. 2010. Stability tests of zopiclone in whole blood. Forensic Science International, 200: 130-135.doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.001
Stojiljkovic G., Maletin M., Stojic D., Brkic S., Abenavoli L. 2016. Ethanol concentration changes in blood samples during medium-term refrigerated storage. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 20: 4831-4836.
Shan X., Tiscione N.B., Alford I., Yeatman D.T. 2011. A study of blood alcohol stability in forensic antemortem blood samples. Forensic Science International, 211: 47-50.doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.04.012
Kocak F.M., Isiklar O.O., Kocak H., Meral A. 2015. Comparison of blood ethanol stabilities in different storage periods. Biochemia Medica, 25(1): 57-63http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/BM.2015.006
Soh Y.N.A., Elliott S. 2014. An investigation of the stability of emerging new psychoactive substances. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6: 696-704.DOI: 10.1002/dta.1576
Busardò F.P., Kyriakou C., Tittarelli R., Mannocchi G., Pantano F., Santurro A., Zaami S., Baglìo G. 2015. Assessment of the stability of mephedrone in ante-mortem and post-mortem blood specimens. Forensic Science International, 256: 28-37.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.021
Jones A.W., Ericsson E. 2016. Decreases in blood ethanol concentrations during storage at 4 °C for 12 months were the same for specimens kept in glass or plastic tubes. Practical Laboratory Medicine, 4: 76-81http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plabm.2016.02.002
Papoutsis I., Nikolaou P., Pistos C., Dona A., Stefanidou M., Spiliopoulou C., Athanaselis S. 2014. Stability of morphine, codeine, and 6-acetylmorphine in blood at different sampling and storage conditions. Journal of Forensic Science, 59 (2): 550-554.doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12337
Laurens J.B., Sewell F.J.J., Kock M.M. 2018. Pre-analytical factors related to the stability of ethanol concentration during storage of ante-mortem blood alcohol specimens. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 58: 155 163.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.06.003
Barbier O., Arreola Mendoza L., Del Razo L.M. 2010. Molecular mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Chemical-Biological Interactions, 188: 319-333.DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.011