Garratty G

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Landsteiner described ABO groups in 1901, but it was almost another decade before it was applied to compatibility testing in the U.S. By 1920, donor and recipient ABO types were determined and patient serum was incubated with saline-suspended donor RBCs at room temperature (RT). Tests were read for hemolysis and agglutination (major crossmatch). In the U.S. a minor crossmatch was also often performed (donor plasma + recipient RBCs). In 1940, Rh was described and crossmatch tests were used at 37°C in addition to RT. In 1945, the use of albumin-suspended RBCs became popular in the U.S. for detection of non-agglutinating antibodies (e.g., Rh).1,2 In the same year in the UK, the antiglobulin test (AGT) was described and used for crossmatching. The U.S. did not use the AGT routinely until approximately 1960.

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