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2023, Number 1

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rev homeostasis 2023; 5 (1)

Preeclampsia: revisión

Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Salmeron-Salcedo CA, Ponce-Rivera MS, Luna-Flores A

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page:
PDF size: 232.20 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia is a frequent, pregnancy-associated, hypertensive disorder, present approximately in 2-8% of gestations. This condition is characterized by new-onset hypertension plus proteinuria that starts after the 20th week of gestation. The pathogenesis of this disorder is still not well understood, but it is known that it varies depending on the type of preeclampsia. In early-onset preeclampsia, which is less common but more severe, it is known that an anomalous placentation causes a placental hypoperfusion, leading to the release of antiangiogenic factors; in the case of late-onset preeclampsia, which is more common but less severe, it is known that it involves maternal cardiovascular risk factors. In order to diagnose preeclampsia, the presence of hypertension and proteinuria (or signs of target-organ damage) is mandatory. Preeclampsia can be further classified depending on its severity as preeclampsia with or without signs of severity, each with a specific management. It is important to know that preeclampsia can complicate to eclampsia, a condition characterized by the presence of new-onset, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; or to HELLP syndrome, a preeclampsia variant characterized by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets; both conditions associated with a higher rate of complications and mortality. Preeclampsia, being a common disorder of pregnancy that can bring severe complications, should be well known to the physician, so that he or she can be able to recognize its risk factors as well as its symptomatology, in order to prevent maternal and fetal complications.


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