2021, Number 4
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of female adolescents with anemia
Language: Spanish
References: 17
Page: 1-15
PDF size: 298.74 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Adolescence is a stage of life with many changes and greater vulnerability to health risks. Among the main health problems are nutritional disorders and, among them, deficiency anemia.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia in female adolescents in a medical office, and to describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of anemic adolescents and the presence of some factors that could influence its occurrence.
Methods: Was carried out a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study in 76 female adolescents between 11 and 19 years old, from the Family Medical Clinic No. 16 of the “Ramón López Peña” Polyclinic, Santiago de Cuba, between March and December 2020. The sample was intentional, made up of 45 anemic adolescents. Were studied age, intensity of anemia, nutritional evaluation, toxic habits, age of menarche and characteristics of menstruation, eating habits, among others.
Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 59.2 %. The mean age was 14.89 years; 15.6 % of anemic adolescents were underweight and 20% were overweight or obese; 73.3 % had bad eating habits, only 24.4 % received prophylaxis with ferrous salts. In addition, heavy menstrual bleeding (22.3 %) and menarche before the age of 11 (20 %) stood out.
Conclusions: Anemia constitutes a multifactorial problem with a high prevalence in the studied adolescents. The presence of several risk factors was evidenced, especially inadequate eating habits, malnutrition both by default and by excess, heavy menstruation and the absence of prophylaxis for the disease.
REFERENCES
Águila Calero G, Díaz Quiñones JA, Díaz Martínez PM. Adolescencia temprana y parentalidad. Fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos acerca de esta etapa y su manejo. Medisur [online] 2017 [acceso 03/03/2021];15(5). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-897X2017000500015
Laborí Quesada P, Laborí Gallego AM, Velázquez Reyes M. Caracterización de pacientes en edad pediátrica con anemia ferropénica. Revista Electrónica Dr. Zoilo E. Marinello Vidaurreta [online] 2017 [acceso 05/12/2020];42(3). Disponible en: http://revzoilomarinello.sld.cu/index.php/zmv /article/view/1076
Haughton P. Las nuevas orientaciones de la OMS ayudan a detectar la carencia de hierro y a proteger el desarrollo cerebral. Comunicado de prensa. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Ginebra, Publicado 20/04/2020. [acceso: 03/03/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/20-04-2020-who-guidance-helps-detect-iron-deficiency-and-protect-brain-development.
Pita Rodríguez G, Junco Díaz R, van der Werff SD, Díaz Sánchez ME, Menocal Heredia L, Polman Belgica K. Anemia, déficit de hierro, estado nutricional y parasitismo en escolares en San Juan y Martínez, Cuba. Convención Internacional de Salud, Cuba Salud 2018 [acceso: 04/03/2021]. Disponible en: http://www.convencionsalud2018.sld.cu/index.php/connvencionsalud/2018/paper/view/1541
Sebastián E, Sevilla J. Protocolo diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anemia microcítica en el adolescente. Protocolos de práctica asistencial. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado [online] 2018 [acceso 20/04/2019];12(61):3613-8. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304541218301926
Ochoa Zamora SP. Estado Nutricional y su correlación con los Índices Hemáticos en las adolescentes del Colegio Elena Moscoso Tamaríz, durante el ciclo 2014 - 2015. [Informe final presentado para optar por el grado académico de Magister en Nutrición Infantil]. Guayaquil, Ecuador. Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo; 2016. [acceso 04/03/2021] Disponible en: http://repositorio.uees.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/1458/1/tesis.pdf
López-Caudana AE, Romero-Pascual I, Leyva-López AG, Zamorano-Andrés AE. Consumo de suplementos, hierro y ácido fólico en la etapa pre-gestacional y durante el embarazo en mujeres mexicanas. Arch Med Fami. 2018;20(1):23-33. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=76225