2002, Number 4
<< Back Next >>
Enf Infec Microbiol 2002; 22 (4)
Nosocomial infections due to Gram negative bacteria resistant to betalactamics: the harm of association of two enemies
Alpuche ACM, Daza TCA
Language: Spanish
References: 71
Page: 192-199
PDF size: 119.61 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Nosocomial infections (NI) are an important cause of morbidity, also increase costs of medical care. Although, Gram positive bacteria are an increasing cause of NI, Gram negatives are still an important cause in Mexico and all over the world. One of the challenges in early diagnosis and specific treatment of NI due to Gram negatives is the resistance to betalactamics due to production of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs), which is considered as the main mechanism of resistance against third and forth generation cephalosporins and monobetalactamics.
REFERENCES
Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 1988;16:128-40.
Schiappa DA, Hayden MK, Matushek MG et al. Ceftazidime resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection: a case control and molecular epidemiologic investigation. J Infect Dis 1996;174:529-536.
Meyer KS, Urhan C, Eagan JA, Berger BJ. Nosocomial outbreak of infection resistant to late generation cephalosporins. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:353-358.
Naumovski K, Quinn JP, Miyashiro D et al. Outbreak of ceftazidime resistant due to a novel extended spectrum b-lactamase in isolates from cancer patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:1991-1996.
Edmond MB, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial infections. In: principles and practice of infectious diseases. Mandell GL, Benett JL, Dolin R. Fifth Ed. Churchill Livingstone, USA. 2000;2:2988-3074.
MMWR. Public health focus: surveillance, prevention, and control of nosocomial infections. 1992;42:783-787.
Haley RW, Culver DH et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121:182-205.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud-Organización Mundial de la Salud. Directorio Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Hospitales. Washington, DC. OPS-OMS. 1995.
Wenzel RP, Pfaller MA. Infection control: the premier quality assessment program in United States Hospitals. Am J Med 1991;91(Suppl. 3B):27S-31S.
Martone WJ, Jarvis WR et al. Incidence and nature of endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections. In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS, eds. Hospital infections. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1992:577-96.
Weinstein RA. Nosocomial infection update. Emerg Infect Dis 1998;4:416-420.
Ponce de León RS, Rangel FMS. Infections control in developing countries. In: Bennett J, Brachman P, eds. Hospital Infections. Philadelphia: Lippincott Raven 1998:291-295.
Ponce de León RS. Magnitud del problema y propuestas de control. Ponce de León S, Soto JL. Infecciones intrahospitalarias. Mc Graw-Hill Interamericana, México, D.F. 1996.
Ávila FC. Evaluación del impacto económico y la mortalidad de las infecciones nosocomiales en pediatría. Enferm Infecc Microbiol 1996;16:53.
Molina BI, Avila FC. Outbreack of nosocomial infection in a pediatric network of public hospitals (abstract 404). In Program & Abstract of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. September 2000 7-10. New Orleans Louisiana. 2000:10.
Amyes SGB, Gemmell CG. Antibiotic resistance. J Med Microbiol 1997;46:436-470.
Lucieni OC, Sergio BW, Adauto C. Risk factors for mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:725-737.
Struelens MJ. Hospital infection. In: Infectious diseases edited by Armstrong D, Cohen J, Mosby. Philadelphia PN. 1999;3(10):10.1-10.14.
Toltzis P, Blumer JL. Nosocomial acquisition and transmission of antibiotic resistant Gram negative organisms in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatric Infect Dis J 2001;20:612-18.
Winokur PL, Canton R, Casellas JM, Legakis. Variations in the prevalence of strains expressing an extended spectrum b-lactamase phenotype and characterization of isolates from Europe, the Americas, and the Western Pacific Region. CID 2001;32(Suppl. 2):S94-S103.
Navarrete NS, Muñoz HO, Santos PJI. En: Infecciones nosocomiales en pediatría. Eds Mc Graw Hill. Interamericana. México, D.F. 1998.
Livrelli V, De Champs C, Di Martino et al. Adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Serratia clinical isolates involved in nosocomial infections. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:1963-1969.
Martínez LA, Mancilla RJ, Santos PJI. Sepsis neonatal. Experiencia 1980-1985 del Hospital Infantil de México. Bol Med Hosp Inf Mex 1988; 46:77-78.
Macias AE, Muñoz JM, Bruckner DA et al. Parenteral infusions bacterial contamination in a multi-institutional survey in Mexico: considerations for nosocomial mortality. AJIC 1999;27:285-290.
Silva J, Gatica R, Aguilar C. Outbreak of infection with extended spectrum b-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mexican Hospital. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:3193-3196.
Miranda MG, Kelly C, Solórzano F, Leaños B, Coria R, Patterson JE. Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing to study an outbreak of infection due to Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:3138-3141.
Martínez-Aguilar G, Alpuche-Aranda CM, Anaya C, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Gayosso C, Daza C, Mijares C, Tinoco JC, Santos JI. Outbreak of nosocomial sepsis and pneumonia in a newborn intensive care unit by multiresistant extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: high impact in mortality. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:725-728.
González-Vértiz, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Cuauhtli M, Daza C, Gayosso C, Solache G et al. Multiresistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase causing and outbreak of nosocomial bloodstream infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:723-725.
Miranda MG, Gordillo MG, Solórzano F, Leaños B, Villasis MA, Villegas R. Estudio de casos y controles en un brote de S. marcescens en una unidad de cuidados intensivos 1998;50:13-18.
Figueroa CA, Cruz CM, Patrón EA, León RA y col. Prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en niños: encuesta de 21 hospitales en México. Salud Pública de México 1999;41:S18-S25.
Rodríguez NE, Morfín OR, Esparza AS. Producción de betalactamasas y patrones de resistencia bacteriana, 1988-1991. Gac Med Mex 1994;5:355-360.
Opal SM, Mayer KH, Medeiros AA. Mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance. In: principles and practice of infectious diseases. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Fifth Ed. Churchill Livingstone, USA. 2000;2:236-252.
Baquero F, Negri ME, Morosin NI, Blazquez J. Antibiotic selective environments. Clin Infect Dis 1998,302;27(Suppl. 1):S5-S11.
Sha PW, Stille W. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains more susceptible to cefoxitin than to third generation cephalosporins (letter). J Antimicrob Chemother 1983;11:597-598.
Jarlier V, Nicolas MH, Fournier G, Phillippon A. Extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer beta-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae: hospital prevalence and susceptibility pattern. Rev Infect Dis 1998;10:867-878.
Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA, O’Brien TF, Pinto ME, Jiang H. Broad-Spectrum. Transmissible beta-lactamases. N Engl J Med 1988;319:723-724.
Medeiros AA. Evolution and dissemination of b-lactamases accelerated by generations of b-lactam antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:S19-45.
Livermore DM. b-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995;8:557-584.
Neu CH. Contribution of beta-lactamases to bacterial resistance and mechanisms to inhibit beta-lactamases. The American Journal of Medicine 1985;79(Suppl 5B):2-12.
Quinn JP. Clinical significance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;(Suppl 1):39-42.
Sanders CC. Beta-lactamases of Gram negative bacteria: new challenges for new drugs. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:1089-1099.
Jacobs C, Frere JM, Normak S. Cytosolic intermediates for cell wall biosynthesis and degradation control inducible beta-lactamases resistance in Gram negative bacteria. Cell 1997;88:823-832.
Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases and other enzymes providing resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:875-887.
Podschun R & Ullmann. Klebsiella ssp as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:589-603.
Bauernfeind A, Rosenthal E, Eberlein E et al. Spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing SHV-5 beta-lactamase among hospitalized patients. Infection 1993;21:18-22.
French GL, Shannom KP, Simmons N. Hospital outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to broad spectrum cephalosporins and B-lactam-B-lactamase inhibitor combinations by hyperproduction of SHV-5 B-lactamase. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:358-363.
Wiener J, Quinn JP, Bradford PA et al. Multiple antibiotic resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes. JAMA 1999;281:517-523.
Guzmán-Blanco M, Casellas JM, Silva SH. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in Latin America. The giant is awakening. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2000;14:67-81.
Aranque M, Nieves B, Lauretti L, Rossolini GM. Molecular basis of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production in nosocomial isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from M inverted question Markerida, Venezuela. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000;15:37-42.
Silva J, Aguilar C, Becerra Z, López- Antuñano F, García R. Extended-spectrum b-lactamases in clinical isolates of enterobacterias in Mexico. Microbial Drug Resistance 1999;3: 189-193.
Silva J, Aguilar C, Ayala G, Estrada MA, Garza RU, Lara LR, Ledezma L. TLA-1: a new plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum b-lactamase from Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:997-1003.
Jacoby GA. Development of resistance in Gram negative pathogens. Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamases. In: Emerging pathogens in infectious disease. A hospital practice special report. Minneapolis, Min: Mc Graw-Hill; 1999:14-19.
Bradford PA. Extended spectrum b-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:933-951.
Bush K. New b-lactamases in Gram negative bacteria: diversity and impact on the selection of antimicrobial therapy. CID 2001;32:1085-9.
Katsanis GP, Spargo J, Ferraro MJ, Sutton L, Jacoby GA. Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains producing extended spectrum betalactamase. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:691-696.
Louie M, Franklin R, Cockerill III. Susceptibility testing. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2001;15:1205-1226.
Livermore DM, Brown DFJ. Detection of b-lactamase mediated resistance. JAC 2001;48:S59-S64.
Vercauteren E, Descheemaeker P, Leven M, Sanders CC, Goossens H. Comparison of screening methods for detection of extended spectrum b-lactamases and their prevalence among blood isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp in a Belgian Teaching Hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:2191-2197.
Livermore DM, Williams JD. b-Lactams: mode of action and mechanisms of bacterial resistance. In: antibiotics in laboratory medicine, (Lorian, V, Ed.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 1996:502-7.
Sanders CC, Barry AL, Washington JA et al. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with Vitek ESBI test. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:2997-3001.
Bush K. Is it important to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing isolates? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996;15:361-364.
Brun-Buisson C, Legrand P, Phillippon A, Montravers F, Ansquer M, Duval J. Transferable enzymatic resistance to third generation cephalosporins during nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Lancet 1987;2:302-306.
Meyer KS, Urban C, Eagen JA, Berger BJ, Rahal JJ. Nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella infection resistant to late generation cephalosporins. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:353-358.
Naumovski L, Quinn JP, Miyashiro D et al. Outbreak of ceftazidime resistance due to a novel extended spectrum b-lactamase in isolates from cancer patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:1991-1996.
Peterson DL, Yu VL. Editorial response: extended spectrum b-lactamases: a call for improved detection and control. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:1411-1418.
Peterson DL, Ko WC, Mohapatra S et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: impact of extended spectrum b-lactamase (BLEEs) production in a global study of 216 patients. In: program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology 1997.
Peterson DL, Ko WC, Gottberg AV et al. Outcome of cephalosporin treatment for serious infections due to apparently susceptible organisms producing extended spectrum b-lactamases: implications for the clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:2206-2212.
Peterson DL. Recommendation for treatment of severe infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum b-lactamases (BLEEs). CMI 2000;6:460-463.
Kayne KS, Fraimow HS, Abrutyn E. Pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms and clinical management. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000;14:293-319.
Jacoby GA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and other enzymes providing resistance to oxyimino-beta-lactams. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:875-887.
Piroth L, Aube H, Doise JM et al. Spread of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Are beta-lactamase inhibitors of therapeutic value? Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:76-80.