medigraphic.com

2002, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Enf Infec Microbiol 2002; 22 (2)

The changing epidemiology of infections in hospital

Rangel-Frausto MS

Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 51-54
PDF size: 45.99 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Since penicillin was discovered, many new antibiotics has been used, this has modified epidemiologic pattern of infections, but them have not disappeared. Even more, many think we are in the post-antibiotics era, since many bacteria have became multiresistant as compared with the possibility of new antibiotic drugs. It is necessary the development of new antibiotics. In the case of enterococcus and Staphylococcus there are two new antibiotic groups Streptogramines and Oxazolidinones. Although these drugs are useful, the rational use of antibiotics and the implementation of an effective hospital infections control program are important in order to diminish the pressure for selection of resistant microorganisms.


REFERENCES

  1. Neu HC. The crisis in antibiotic resisitance. Science 1992;257: 1050-55.

  2. Kunin CM. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs –a world calamity. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:557-561.

  3. Cohen ML. Epidemiology of drug resistance: implications for a post-antimicrobial era. Science 1992;257:1050-55.

  4. Public health focus: surveillance, prevention, and control of nosocomial infections. MMWR 1992;41:783-7.

  5. Tenover FC. Novel and emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens. Am J Med 1991;91:suppl 3B:76S-81S.

  6. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emory TG et al. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. Am J Infect Control 1988;16:128-140.

  7. Ponce de León S, Rangel-Frausto MS, López JE, Romero-Oliveros C, Huertas-Jiménez M. Infecciones nosocomiales: tendencias seculares de un programa de control en México. Salud Pública de Méx 1999;41(suppl 1):S5-S11.

  8. Rangel-Frausto MS, Morales GD, Báez-Martínez R, Ibarra BJ. Validación de un programa de vigilancia de infecciones nosocomiales. Salud Pública de Méx. 1999;41(suppl 1):S59-63.

  9. Martone WJ, Jarvis WR, Culver DH et al. Incidence and nature of endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS, eds Hospital Infections 3rd ed Boston MA: Little Brown and Co. 1992;577-596.

  10. Richards MJ, Edwards JR, Culver DH et al. Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Surveillance System. Crit Care Med 1999;27:887-892.

  11. Ponce de León-Rosales S, Molinar RF, Domínguez-Cherit G, Rangel-Frausto S, Vázquez V. Prevalence of infections in intensive care units in México: a multicenter study. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28:1316-21.

  12. Rangel-Frausto MS, Houston AK, Bale MJ, Fu C, Wenzel RP. An Experimental Model for study of Candida survival and transmission in human volunteers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:590-95.

  13. Steinberg JP, Clarck CC, Hackman BO. Nosocomial and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias: comparison of clinical features and outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 1998;23:255-259.

  14. Wenzel RP, Nettleman MD, Jones RN, Pfaller MA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: implications for the 1990’s and effective control measures. Am J Med 1991;91:suppl3B: 221S-227S.

  15. McGowan JE Jr. Antibiotic resistance in hospital bacteria: current patterns, models for appearance or spread, and economic impact. Rev Med Microbiol 1991;2:161-9.

  16. Macias AE, Munoz JM, Bruckner DA et al. Parenteral infusions bacterial contamination in a multi-institutional surveys in Mexico: considerations for nosocomial mortality. Am J Infect Control 1999;27:285-90.

  17. Lucas GM, Lechtzin N, Puryear DW et al. Vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococal bacteremia: comparison of clinical features and outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:1127-1133.

  18. Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D et al. Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16: 7570-5.

  19. Edmond MB, Ocer JF, Weinbaum DL et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:1126-113.

  20. Noble WC, Virani Z, Cree RGA. Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992;72:195-8.

  21. CDC Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin United States 2002. MMWR 2002;51:565-7.

  22. Breiman RF, Butler JC, Tenover FC, Elliot JA, Facklam RR. Emergence of drug resistance pneumococal infections in the United States. JAMA 1994;271:1831-35.

  23. Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. More extended spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991;35:1697-704.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com