medigraphic.com
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2023, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Biomed 2023; 34 (1)

Sampling and monitoring methods for adult Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae), vectors of the causative agents of the leishmaniases

Rebollar-Téllez EA, Ibáñez-Bernal S

Language: Spanish
References: 157
Page: 59-75
PDF size: 445.45 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors of different species of the genus Leishmania, which are the aethiological agents of the varied clinical forms of the leishmaniases. The main risk factor for transmission to humans is the contact with vectors, so the activities of vector incrimination and understanding of vectorial capacities are very important aspects in the epidemiology of disease. Therefore, it is very relevant to be able to estimate with precision the presence, abundance, biting-rate, infection-rate, age-structure, etc., to evaluate the risk for transmission of Leishmania spp. and that gathered information could be analyzed and comprehended for those decision-making personnel in relation to public health policies. However, in order for that field information to be useful to the health sector or research proposes, the population estimates would be unbiassed in relation to the captures of species of medical importance or the biological assemblage. The main objective of the present contribution is to present a descriptive review of the most common sampling and monitoring methods for phlebotomine sandflies based on published papers, highlighting field studies conducted in Mexico and discussing each sampling method for advantages and disadvantages as well as interpretations. Lastly, the general aspects of sampling and population inference are discussed, and future research perspectives are mentioned.


REFERENCES

  1. Lewis DJ. Phlebotomid sandflies. Bull Wd Health Org1971 44: 535-551.

  2. Lewis DJ. Phlebotomidae and Psychodidae (sand-fliesand moth-flies. In: K. G. V. Smith (Ed.) Insects and otherArthropods of Medical Importance. The Trustees of theBritish Museum (Natural History). London, UK. 1973.P. 155-179.

  3. Lewis DJ. The biology of Phlebotomidae in relation toleishmaniasis. Ann Rev Entomol. 1974 19: 363-384.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.19.010174.002051

  4. Forattini OP. Entomologia Médica. IV. Psychodidae.Leishmanioses. Bartonelose. Edgar Bulcher, São Paulo.1973.

  5. Minter DM. Phlebotominae sandflies. In: Manson’sTropical Disease. 18th edition. In: P. E. C. Manson-Barh& F. I. C. Apted (Eds.). Baillere Tindall. London. 1982.P. 743-759.

  6. Ward RD. Vector biology and Control. In: K. P. Chang&R. S. Bray (Eds.) Leishmaniasis. Elsevier SciencePublishers. 1985. P. 199-212.

  7. Young DG, Lawyer PG. New World vectors of theLeishmaniases. In: K. F. Harris (Ed.). Current Topicsin Vector Research Vol 4. Springer-Verlag, New York.1987. P. 29-71.

  8. Lane RP. Sandflies (Phlebotominae). pp. 78-119. In: R.P. Lane & R. W. Crosskey, R. W. (Eds.) Medical Insectsand Arachnids. Chapman & Hall. London. 1993.

  9. Lane R, Alexander B, Ferro C, Montoya J, PalmaG. Leishmaniasis. pp. 5-81. In: B. L. Travi & J. M.Montoya (Eds.) Manual de Entomología Médica paraInvestigadores de América Latina. Fundación CentroInternacional de Entrenamiento e InvestigacionesMédicas (CIDEIM). Cali, Colombia. 1994.

  10. Killick-Kendrick R. Methods for the study ofphlebotomine sandflies. In: W. Peters & R. Killick-Kendrick (Eds.). The Leishmaniasis in Biology andMedicine. Academic Press, London, UK. 1987. P. 477-497.

  11. Killick-Kendrick R. The biology and control ofphlebotomine sand flies. Clinics in Dermatology, 1999May-Jun; 17: 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(99)00046-2

  12. Killick-Kendrick R. Phlebotomine sand flies: biologyand control. In: J. P. Farrell (ed.) World Class Parasites:Volume 4. Leishmania. Kluwer Academic Publishers.Norwell, Massachusetts. 2002. P. 33-43.

  13. Lawyer PG, Perkins PV. Chapter 8. Leishmaniasis andTrypanosomiasis. In: B. F. Eldridge & J. D. Edman (Eds.)Medical Entomology. A Textbook on Public Health andVeterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods. KluwerAcademic Publishers. Dordrecht, The Netherlands.2000. P. 231-298.

  14. Theodor O. Classification of the Old World species ofthe subfamily Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae).Bull Entomol Res. 1948 May; 39(1): 85-115. https://doi.org10.1017/s0007485300024305

  15. Barretto MP. Sôbre a sistemática da subfamíliaPhlebotominae Rondani (Diptera: Psychodidae). RevistaBrasieleira de Entomologia, 1955 3: 173-190

  16. Fairchild GB. The relationships and classificationof the Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae). AnnEntomol Soc Am. 1955 May; (3): 182-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/48.3.182

  17. Theodor O. On the classification of AmericanPhlebotominae. J Med Entomol. 1965 Jun; 2(2): 171-197. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/2.2.171

  18. Perfil’ev PP. Fauna of U.S.S.R. (Diptera) Vol. III.(Translated from Russian by the Israel Program forScientific Translations) Jerusalem. 1968.

  19. Abonnec E. Les phlébotomes de la région Ethiopiene(Diptera: Psychodidae). Mémories de l’Office de laRecherche Scientific et Technique d’Outre-Mer. No. 55.1972.

  20. Abonnec E, Leger N. Sur une classification rationalle desDipteres Phlebotomidae. Cahirs d’Office de la RechercheScientifique et Technique Outremer, Série EntomologieMedicale et Parasitologie. 1976 1: 69-78.

  21. Lewis DJ, D.G. Young DG, Fairchild GB, Minter DM.Proposals for a stable classification of the Phlebotominesandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Syst Entomol. 1977 Oct;2(4): 319-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1977.tb00381.x

  22. Martins AV, Williams P, Falcão AL. American SandFlies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). AcademiaBrasileira de Ciéncias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 1978.

  23. Young D, Perkins PV. Phlebotominae sand flies ofNorth America (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Am MosqControl Ass. 1984 Jun; 44(2): 263-306. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/content/part/JAMCA/MN_V44_N2_P263-304.pdf

  24. Artemiev MM. A classification of the subfamilyPhlebotominae. Parassitolgia 1991 Dec; 33(suppl): 69-77.

  25. Williams, P. Relationships of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1993 Apr-Jun; 88(2): 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761993000200001

  26. Young DG, Duncan MA. Guide to the identificationand Geographic Distribution of Lutzomyia Sand Fliesin Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America(Diptera: Psychodidae). Associated Press. AmericanEntomological Institute. Gainesville. 1994.

  27. Galati EAB. Phylogenetic systematics of thePhlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) with emphasison American groups. Bol Dir Malariol San Amb. 199535 (Supplement 1), 133−142.

  28. Galati EAB. 2. Morfologia e Taxonomia, 2.1.Classificação de Phlebotominae. In: Rangel, E.F.& Lainson, R. (Eds.), Flebotomíneos do Brasil. Ed.FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2003. P. 23–175.

  29. Ibáñez-Bernal S. Los Phlebotominae(Diptera:Psychodidae) de México. Tesis de Doctorado.Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónomade México. 2000a.

  30. Ibáñez-Bernal S. Psychodidae (Diptera). pp. 607-626.In: J. E. Llorente-Bousquets, E. González-Soriano& N. Papayero (Eds.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomía yBiogeografía de Artrópodos de México. Hacia unaSíntesis de su Conocimiento. Volumen II. Instituto deBiología, UNAM. México, D. F. 2000b.

  31. Ibáñez-Bernal S. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae)de México. V. Clave ilustrada para la identificaciónde los machos de Lutzomyia Franҫa. Folia EntomolMex 2005a Abr; 44: 49-56. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/424/42444106.pdf

  32. Ibáñez-Bernal S. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae)de México. VI. Clave ilustrada para la identificación delas hembras de Lutzomyia Franҫa. Folia Entomol Mex2005b Ago; 44: 195-212. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/424/42444208.pdf

  33. Ibáñez-Bernal S, Hernandez-Xoliot RA, MendozaF. Collections of Bruchomyiinae and Phlebotominae(Diptera: Psychodidae) from the north-central portionof the state of Veracruz, Mexico, with description of anew species. Zootaxa 2006 Jul;1270: 19-33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1270.1.2

  34. Ibáñez-Bernal S, Suarez-Landa T, Mendoza F. An updatedchecklist of the phlebotomine sandflies of Veracruz,Mexico (Diptera: Pyschodidae, Phlebotominae) Zootaxa2011 Jun; 2928: 29-40. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2928.1.3

  35. Ibáñez-Bernal S, Munoz J, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Pech-May A, Marina CF. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) of Chiapas collected near the Guatemalaborder, with additions to the fauna of Mexico and a newsubgenus name. Zootaxa 2015 Jul. 3995(2): 151-186.https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3994.2.1

  36. Ibáñez-Bernal S, Durán-Luz, J. An actualized catalogueof the Psychodidae (Diptera) of México and their knowndistribution by state. Zootaxa 2022; (in press).

  37. Godínez-Álvarez A, Ibáñez-Bernal S. Catálogo dePsychodidae (Diptera) de la colección de artrópodoscon importancia medica del INDRE, secretaria de Salud.México. Acta Zoological Mexicana (n.s.) 2010 Abr;26(1) 99-121. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/azm/v26n1/v26n1a8.pdf.

  38. Rebollar-Téllez EA, Castillo-Vera A, & S. Ibáñez-Bernal. S. Ecología química de Phlebotominae (Diptera:Psychodidae), En: Rojas-León, J. & E. A. Malo-Rivera(Eds.) Temas Selectos en Ecología Química de Insectos.El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). 2012. P. 120-140.

  39. Chaniotis, BN. V. Phlebotomine sand flies (FamilyPsychodidae). pp. 19-30. In: R. A. Bram (Ed.).Surveillance and Collection of Arthropods of VeterinaryImportance. United States Department of Agriculture.Agriculture Handbook 1978 No. 518. Washington, D. C.

  40. Alexander B. 2000. Sampling methods for phlebotominesandflies. Med Vet Entomol. (2000) 14: 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00237.x

  41. Alten B, Ozbel Y, Ergunay K, Kasap OE, Cull B. y cols.Sampling strategies for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) in Europe. Bull Entomol Res. 2015 105(6):664-678. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485315000127.

  42. Chaniotis BN, Anderson JR Age structure, populationdynamics and vector potential of Phlebotomus innorthern California. J Med Entomol. 1968 Aug; 5: 273-292. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/5.3.273

  43. Comer JA, Corn JL. Funnel trap for the capture ofphlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) fromtree holes. J Med Entomol. 1991 Mar; 28: 289-292.https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.2.289

  44. Comer JA, Kavanaugh DM, Stallknecht DE, Corn JL.Population dynamics of Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera:Psychodidae) in relation to the epizootiology ofvesicular stomatitis virus on Ossabaw Island, Georgia.J Med Entomol. 1994 Nov; 31: 850-854. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.6.850

  45. Rebollar-Téllez EA, Andrade-Narvaez FJ, Fernández-Salas I, Reyes-Villanueva F. Collections of sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae) from mammal burrows in anarea of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Campeche, Mexico.Entomol News. 1996a Nov-Dec; 107(5): 317-321.https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/31190

  46. Christensen HA, Fairchild GB, Herrer A, Johnson CM,Young DG, Vásquez AM.The ecology of cutaneousleishmaniasis in the republic of Panama. J. MedEntomol 1983 Oct; 20: 463-484. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/20.5.463

  47. Warburg A. An improvised air filter for sandfly aspirators.Med Vet Entomol 1989 Jul; 3(3): 325-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2915.1989.TB00237.X

  48. Meyer RP, Reisen WK, Hill BR, Martinez VM. The “AFSSweeper”, a battery-powered backpack mechanicalaspirator for collecting adult mosquitoes. Mosq. News1983 43(3) 346-350.

  49. Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Galvin WA, Kelle R, KitronV. A new, cost-effective, battery-powered aspirator foradult collection. J. Med. Entomol 2009 Nov; 46(6):1256-1259. https://doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0602

  50. Montes de Oca-Aguilar, AC, Moo-Llanes D, Rebollar-Téllez EA. Adult sand fly species from diurnal restingsites on the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. SouthwestEntomol 2013 Jun; 38(2): 241-249. https://doi.org/10.3958/059.038.0209

  51. Vårdal H, Taeger, A. The life of René Malaise: from thewild east to a sunken island. Zootaxa, 2011 Dec; 3127(1):38-52. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3127.1.2

  52. Evans Fc, Owen D. Measuring insect flight activity witha Malaise trap. Papers of the Michigan Academy ofSciences 1965 1: 89-94.

  53. Sheikh, AH, Thomas M, Bhandari R y Meshram, H.Malaise trap and insect sampling: a mini review. BioBulletin 2016 Sep; 2(2): 35-40.

  54. Townes H. Design for a malaise trap. Proc Ent Soc Wash1962 64: 253-262.

  55. Townes H. A light-weight Malaise trap. Entomol News1972 83: 239-247.

  56. Quate LW. Phlebotomus sandflies of the Paloich areain the Sudan (Diptera, Psychodidae). J Med Entomol1964 Oct; 1(3): 213-268. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/1.3.213

  57. Easton ER, Price MA, Graham OH. The collection ofbiting flies in west Texas with Malaise and animal-baitedtraps. Mosquito News. 1968 28(3):465-469.

  58. Andrade-Filho JD, de Oliveira RC, Fonseca. AR.Flebotomíneos (díptera: Psychodidae) colectados comArmadilha malaise no Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais.Neotropical Entomology. 2008 Feb; 37: 104-106. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2008000100018

  59. Young DG, Arias JR Phlebotomine sandflies in theAmericas. Pan American Health Organization. Technicalpaper no. 33. Washington, D, C., USA. 26 pp. 1991.

  60. Van Achterberg K. Can Townes type Malaise traps beimproved? Some recent developments. Entomologischeberichten. 2009 69(4): 129-135.

  61. El Said S, Beier JC, El Sawaf BM, Doha S, El KordyE. Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) associatedwith visceral leishmaniasis in El Agamy AlexandriaGovernorate, Egypt. II. Field behavior. J Med Entomol.1986 Dec; 23(6): 609-615. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/23.6.616

  62. Maranga RO, Irungu LW, Mutinga MJ. Investigationsinto phlebotomine sandflies in the Nairobi area. InsectSci Appl. 1994 15(2): 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840001537X

  63. Elnaiem DA, Hassan HK, Ward RD. Phlebotominesandflies in a focus of visceral leishmanisis in a border areaof eastern Sudan Annals Trop Med. Parasitol 1997 Apr;91: 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034989761157.

  64. Papadopoulos B, Tselentis Y. Sandflies on the Island ofCorfu, Greece. Parasite 1998 Dec; 5(4): 387-391. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1998054387

  65. Kamhawi S, Abdel-Hafez SK, Molyneux DH. Acomprehensive account of species composition,distribution and ecology of phlebotomine sandflies inJordan. Parasite 1995 Jun; 2(2): 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1995022163

  66. Yaghoobi-Ershadi y Akhavan AA. Entomological surveyof sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a new focus ofzoonitic cutaneous leishmaniosis in Iran. Acta Tropica1999 Oct; 73(3): 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(99)00038-8

  67. Sawalha SS, Shtayeh MS, Khanfar HM, WarburgA Abdeen ZA. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) of the Palestinian west bank: potentialvectors of leishmaniasis. J. Med Entomol. 2003 May;40(3): 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-40.3.321

  68. Basimike M, Mutuku MJ, Mutero CM. Verticaldistribution of phlebotomine sandflies in two habitats inMarigat Leishmaniases endemic focus, Baringo district,Kenya. Insect Sci Appl. 1989 Oct;10: 645-650. https://doi.org/10.3958/059.041.0315

  69. Moncaz A, Gebresilassie A, Kirstein O, Faiman R,Gebre-Michael T, Hailu A, Warburg A. Attractionof phlebotomine sand flies to baited and non-baitedhorizontal surfaces. Acta Tropica 2013 Jun;126(3): 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.024

  70. Jones TM, Balford A, Quinnell RJ. Adaptative femalechoice for middle-aged mates in a lekking sandfly. ProcR Soc London series B. 2000 Apr; 267: 681-686. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1056

  71. Elnaiem DE, Khogali A, Alsharif B, Dakein O, JibreelT, Hassan M. y cols. Understanding sand fly samplingmethods: sticky traps are attraction-based and notinterceptive sampling tools of Phlebotomus. 2020 Jul;Parasites & Vectors, 13: 389. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04249-1.

  72. Mellor HE Hamilton JGC. Navigation of Lutzomyialongipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) under dusk orstarlight conditions. Bull Entomol Res. 2003 Aug; 93(4):315-322. https://doi.org/10.1079/ber2003248

  73. Wheeler A, Feliciangeli MD, Ward RD, Maingon RD.Comparisons of sticky-traps and CDC light traps forsampling phlebotomine sandflies entering houses inVenezuela. Med Vet Entomol 1996 Jul; 10(3): 295-298.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00747.x

  74. Rodriguez-Rojas JJ, Arque-Chnga W, Fernandez-SalasI, Rebollar-Téllez EA. Comparative field evaluationof different traps for collecting adult phlebotominesand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an endemic areaof cutaneous leishmaniasis in Quintana Roo, Mexico.J. Am Mosq. Control Assoc 2016 Jun; 32(2) 103-116.https://doi.org/10.2987/moco-32-02-103-116.1

  75. Burkett DA, Knigth R, Dennett JA, Sherwood V,Rowton E, Coleman RE. Impact of phlebotomine sandflies on U.S. Military operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq:3. evaluation of surveillance devices for the collection ofadult sand flies. J Med Entomol 2007 Mar; 44(2); 381-384. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-44.2.381.

  76. Mulhern TD. A new development in mosquito traps. Proc21st Ann. Meeting N.J. Mosq. Exterm. Assoc. 1934. p.137.

  77. Mulhern TD. A measuring instrument for determiningaccurately the displacement of air and consequently themechanical efficiency of the New Jersey mosquito trap.Proc. 35th Ann. Meeting N. J. Mosq. Exterm. Assoc.1948. p. 90.

  78. Mulhern TD. Better results with mosquito light trapsthrough standardizing mechanical performance.Mosquito News 1953 13: 130-133.

  79. Ortega-Gutiérrez M. Flebotomos de la Cuenca del Balsas(Diptera: Psychodidae) Tesis Biólogo. Facultad deCiencias. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico.1966.

  80. Sudia WD, Chamberlain RW. Battery-operated lighttrap, an improved model. Mosquito News. 1962 22(2):126-129.

  81. Killick-Kendrick R, Wilkes TJ, Alexander J, Bray RS,Rioux JA, Bailly M. The distance of attraction of CDClight traps to phlebotomine sandflies. Ann. Parasitol. HumComp 1985 Mar; 60: 765-767. https://doi.org/10.1051/PARASITE/1985606763

  82. Valenta DT, Tang YS, Añez N. A new method todetermine the distance at which phlebotomine sandfliesare attracted to light under field conditions. Proc. 2ndInnt Symp on Phlebotomine Sand Flies (ISOPS II),Merida, Venezuela. Bol. Dirección Malar. SaneamientoAmbiental 1995 35: 353-358.

  83. Williams P. Phleblotomine sandflies and leishmaniasis inBritish Honduras (Belize). Trans Royal Soc Trop MedHyg 1970 64(3): 317-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(70)90171-9

  84. Cortez AM, Silva VPM, Queiroz PVS, Andrade HTA,Loiola MIB, Ximenes MFFM. Vertical stratificationand development aspects of phlebotomine sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae) in an area of Atlantic Foresttree species in a metropolitan region in northeasternBrazil. J Vector Ecol. 2007 Dec; 32: 336-341. https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[336:vsadao]2.0.co;2

  85. Arque-Chunga W, Rodriguez-Rojas JJ, Fernandez-Salas I, Rebollar-Tellez EA. Distribución vertical deflebotomineos en un area endémica de leishmaniasis enel sureste de Mexico. Southwest. Entomol. 2016 Sep; 41:735-740. https://doi.org/10.3958/059.041.0315

  86. Hoel DF, Butler JF, Fawaz EY, Watany N, El-Hossary SSVillinski J. Response of phlebotomine sand flies to lightemitingdiode-modified light traps in southern Egypt. JVector Ecol. 2007 Dec; 32(2): 302-308.

  87. Soares-Silva FS, Brito JM, Costa-Neta BM, Duarte-LoboSEP. Evaluating of light-emitting diodes as attractantfor sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)in northeastern Brazil. Mem. Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015Sep; 110(6): 801-803. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150132

  88. Fernandez MS, Martinez MF, Perez AA, Santini MS,Gould IT, Salomon O. Performance of light-emitingdiode traps for collecting sand flies in entomologicalsurveys in Argentina. J Vector Ecol. 2015 Dec; 40: 373-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12176.

  89. Silva FS, da Silva AA, Rebêlo JMM. An evaluationof light-emitting diode (LED) traps at capturingphlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in alivestock in Brazil. J. Med. Entomol 2016 May; 53(3):634-638. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjw016

  90. Silva MMM, Inácio CLS, Pinheiro MPG, XimenesMFFM. Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) andmosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) surrounding anenvironmental protection zone in the metropolitanregion of Natal: use of light-emitting diode (LED) bulbsin entomological surveillance. Neotrop Entomol 2020Oct; 49(5):768-779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00802-w

  91. Sierpre-Jeraldo VL, Casanova C, De-Araujo ED, Rocha-Cruz DE, Pinto MC De-Melo CM. Type of light in sandfly captures (Diptera: Psychodidae) Acta Biol Colomb.2012 Nov; 17(3): 675-678. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/abc/v17n3/v17n3a15.pdf

  92. Gaglio G, Napoli E, Arfuso F, Abbate JM, GiannettoSy Brianti E. Do different LED colours influence sandfly colecction by light trap in the Mediterranean? MioMed Reasearch International. 2018 Jun; https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6432637

  93. Serrano AK, Malo EA, Mikery PF, Castillo A.Respuesta de Lutzomyia cruciata a trampas de luz CDCmodificadas con diodos emisores de luz. SouthwestEntomol. 2016 Nov ; 41(4) : 1161-1173. https://doi.org/10.3958/059.041.0413

  94. Lima-Neto AR, Costa-Neta BM, da-Silva AA, Brito JM,Aguiar JVC, Ponte IS, y cols. The effect of luminousintensity on the attraction of phlebotomine sand flies tolight traps. J. Med. Entomol 2017 May; 55(3): 731-734.https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx229

  95. Mellor HE, Hamilton JGC, Ward RD. Spectral sensibilityin the eyes of male and female Lutzomyia longipalpissandflies. Med Vet Entomol 1996 Oct; 10(4): 371-374.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00759.x

  96. Souza NA, Andrade-Coelho CA, Silva VC, Peixoto AA,Rangel EF. Moonlight and blood-feeding behaviour ofLutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera:Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vectors of Americancutaneus leishmaniasis in Brazil. Mem Inst OswaldoCruz. 2005 Feb; 100(1): 39-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762005000100007.

  97. Gebresilassie A, Yared S, Aklilu E, Kirstein OD, MoncazA, Tekie H. The influence of moonlight and lunarperiodicity on the efficacy of CDC light trap in samplingPhlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis Parrot, 1936 andother Phlebotomus sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) inEthiopia. Parasites & Vectors 2015 Feb; 8: 106. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0723-7

  98. Kasili S, Ngumbi PM, Koka H, Bgere FG, Kioko E,Odemba N. y cols. Comparative performance of light traptypes, lunar influence and sandfly abundance in Baringodistrict, Kenya. J. Vector Borne Dis 2010 Jun; 47: 108-112. http://www.mrcindia.org/journal/issues/472108.pdf

  99. Santos-de-Marco T, De-Mello-Gaia MC, BrazilRP Influence of the lunar cycle on the activity ofPhlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) J AmMosq Control Assoc. 2002 Jun;18(2): 114-118. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/content/part/JAMCA/JAMCA_V18_N2_P114-118.pdf

  100. Gibb, PA, Anderson TJC, Dye C. Are nulliparous sandflieslight-shy? Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg 1988 Mar-Apr; 82: 342-343. http://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6432637

  101. Campbell-Lendrum D, Pinto MC, Davies C. Is Lutzomyiaintermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) more endophaicthan Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho,1939) because it is more attracted to light? Mem InstOswaldo Cruz 1998 Jan-Feb; 94(1): 21-22. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761999000100008

  102. Dinesh DS, Das P, Picado A, Davies C, SpegbroeckN, Boelaert M, Coosemans M. The efficacy of indoorCDC light traps for collecting the sandfly Phlebtomusargentipes, vector of Leishmania donovani. Med VetEntomol 2008 Jun; 22: 120-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00724.x.

  103. Davies CR, Lane RR, Villaseca P, Pyke S, Campos P,Llanos-Cuentas A. The relationship between CDClight-trap and human-bait catches of endophagicsandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Peruvian Andes.Med Vet Entomol 1995 Jul; 9: 24-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00129.x

  104. Theodor,U, Campana-Lonardoni MV, Verzignassi-Silveira TG, de Cassia-Dias A, Abbas M, AlbertonD, Rodriguez dos Santos D. Light and hens asattraction factors of Nyssomyia whitmani in a ruralarea, southern Brazil. Rev Saúde Publica 2007 Jun;41(3): 1-5. (Portugués) https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102007000300009

  105. Chaniotis BN. Improved trapping of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in light traps supplementedwith dry ise in a neotropical rain forest. J Med Entomol1983Mar; 20(2): 222-223. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/20.2.222.

  106. Veronesi E, Pilani R, Carrieri M, Bellini R. Trappingsand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Emilia-Romagna region of northen Italy, J. Vector Ecol. 2007Dec; 32(2): 313-318. https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[313:tsfdpi]2.0.co;2.

  107. Andrade AJ, Andrade MR, Dias ES, Pinto MC, EirasAE. Are light traps baited with kairomones effectivein the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyiaintermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odoras an attractant for phlebptomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.2008 Jun; 103(4): 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762008000400004

  108. Pinto MC, Barbieri K, Silva MCE, Graminha MAS,Casanova C., Andrade AJ y Eiras AE. Octenol asattractant to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae:Phlebotominae) in the field. J. Med Entmol 2011 Jan;48(1): 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1603/me10081

  109. Araújo-da-Silva A, Macário-Rebêlo JM, Ferreira-Carneiro B, Pereira-Castro MP, de-Souza-de-AlmeidaM, Silva-Ponte I y cols. Exploiting the synergisticeffect of kairomones and light-emitting diodes on theattraction of phlebotomine sand flies to light in Brazil.J Med Entomol 2019 Sep; 56(5): 1441-1445. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz073.

  110. Bray DP, Alves GB, Dorval ME, Brazil RP, HamiltonJGC. Synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasisvector Lutzomyia longipalpis to experimental chickensheds treated with insecticide. Parasites & Vectors 2010Mar; 3: 16. https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-3-16

  111. Bray DP, Carter V, Alves GB, Brazil RP, Bandi KK,Hamilton JGC. Synthetic sex pheromone in a longlastinglure attracts the visceral leishmaniasis vector,Lutzomyia longipalpis, for up to 12 weeks in Brazil.PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2014 Mar 8(3)e2723. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002723

  112. González MA, Bell M, Souza CF, Maciel-de-Freitas R,Brazil RP, Courtenay O, Hamilton JGC. Synthetic sexaggregationpheromone of Lutzomyia longipalpis, thesouth American sand fly vector of Leishmania infantum,attracts males and females over long-distance. PLOSNeglected Tropical Diseases 2020 Oct;14(100 e0008798.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008798

  113. Chaniotis BN. Correa MA, Tesh RB, Johnson KM.Daily and seasonal man-biting activity of phlebotominesandflies in Panama. J Med Entomol 1971 Oct; 8: 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/8.4.415

  114. Ravinovich JE, Feliciangeli MD Parameters ofLeishmania braziliensis transmission by indoorLutzomyia ovallesi in Venezuela. Am J Trop MedHyg. 2004 70(4): 373-382. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.373

  115. Shannon RC. Methods for collecting and feedingmosquitoes in jungle yellow fever studies. Am JTrop Med Hyg. 1939 Mar; 19: 131-140. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1939.s1-19.131

  116. Perez JE, Villaseca P. Llano-Cuentas A, Campos M,Guerra H. Técnicas para colectar “titiras” (Lutzomyiaspp., Diptera: Psychodidae) en ambientes altoandinosperuanos. Rev Per Ent. 1987 Dic; 30: 77-80. https://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/entomologia/v30/pdf/a19v30.pdf

  117. Barraud PJ. A simple method for long carriage of livingmosquitoes over long distances in the tropics. Indian J.Med. Res. 1929 17: 281-285.

  118. Rebollar-Téllez EA, Ramírez-Fraire A, Andrade-Narvaez, FJ. A two years study on vectors of cutaneousleishmaniasis. Evidence for sylvatic transmissioncycle in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Mem do InstOswaldo Cruz. 1996b Oct; 91(5): 555-560. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761996000500004

  119. Rebollar-Téllez EA, Tun Ku E, Manrique-Saide P,Andrade-Narvaez FJ. 2005. Relative abundance ofsandfly (Diptera: Phlebotomidae) in two villages in thesame area of Campeche, in southern Mexico. Ann TropMed Parasitol. 2005 Mar; 99(2): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485905X16390.

  120. Pech-May A, Escobedo-Ortegón FJ, Berzunza-Cruz M, Rebollar-Téllez EA. Incrimination of foursandfly species previously unrecognised as vectors ofLeishmania parasites in Mexico. Med Vet Entomol. 2010Jun; 24(2): 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00870.x

  121. Sánchez-García L, Berzunza-Cruz M, Becker-FauserI, Rebollar-Téllez EA. Sand flies naturally infected byLeishmania (L.) mexicana in the peri-urban area ofChetumal city, Quintana Roo, México. Trans R SocRoyal Soc,Trop Med and Hyg 2010 Jun; 104(6): 406-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.01.010

  122. May-Uc E, Hernández-Arana H, Rebollar-Téllez, EA.Distribución de flebotomineos (Díptera: Psychodidae)en Quintana Roo, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana,2011Ago; 27(2): 273-289. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/azm/v27n2/v27n2a5.pdf

  123. Pech-May, A., Peraza-Herrera, G., Moo-Llanes, D. A.,Escobedo-Ortegón, F. J., Berzunza-Cruz, M., Becker-Fauser, I., Montes de Oca-Aguilar, A. C., Rebollar-Téllez,E. A. (2016). Assessing the importance of four sandflyspecies (Diptera: Psychodidae) as vectors of Leishmaniamexicana in Campeche, Mexico. Med Vet Entomol. 2016Sep; 30(3), 310-320. http://dx.doi:10.1111/mve.12169

  124. Rodriguez-Rojas JJ, Rebollar-Téllez EA. Effect oftrapping methods on the estimation of alpha diversity ofa phlebotomine sandfly assemblage in southern Mexico.Med Vet Entomol 2017 Dec; 31(4): 392-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12253

  125. Perez J, Virgen A, Rojas JC, Rebollar-Téllez EA,Castillo A, Infante F, y cols. Species composition andseasonal abundance of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae:Phlebotominae) in coffe agroecosystems. MemInst Oswaldo Cruz 2014 109(1) 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130224

  126. Mikery Pacheco OM, Rojas de León JC, Rebollar TéllezEA, Castillo-Vera A. Sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae:Phlebotominae) species diversity in an urban areaof the municipality of Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2015 Jan; 110(1) 1-3. http://doi:10.1590/0074-02760140351

  127. Casas-Martinez, M, Orozco-Bonilla A, Muñoz-Reyes M,Ulloa-Garcia A, Bond JG, Valle-Mora J, Weber M, RojasJC. A new tent trap for monitoring the daily activityof Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus J Vector Ecol.2013 Dec; 38: 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12041.x

  128. Pinto MC, Campbell-Lendrum DH, Lozovei AL,Teodoro U Davies CR. Phlebotomine sandfly responsesto carbon dioxide and human odour in the field. MedVet Entomol 2001 Jun; 15(2): 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2915.2001.00294.x.

  129. Da Silva-Tavares D, Salgado VR, Miranda JC, MesquitaPRR, de Medeiros-Rodrigues F, Barral-Netto M, y cols.Attraction of phlebotomine sandflies to volatiles fromskin odours of individuals residing in an endemcicarea of tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLOS One 2018Sep; 13(9) e0203989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203989

  130. Barroso PA, Marco JD, Rueda P, Cajal SP, BasombrioMA, Taranto, NJ Hashiguchi Y. a search for naturalinfections of sandflies with Leishmania parasites inendemic areas of Salta, Argentina: a preliminary report.In: Hashiguchi Y. (eds). Studies on New and Old WorldLeishmaniases and their transmission, with ParticularReference to Ecuador, Argentina and Pakistan. 2004. P.44-51.

  131. Gonҫalves-dos-Santos T, de-Mello-Gaia MC, Brazil RP.Attraction of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to lighttraps in rural áreas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil J. AmMosq Control Assoc 2003 Mar; 19(1) 74-78. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/content/part/JAMCA/JAMCA_V19_N1_P074-078.pdf

  132. Galati EAB, Nunes VLB, Dorval MEC, Cristaldo G,Rocha HC, Gonҫalves-Andrade, Naufel G. Attractivenessof black Shannon traps for phlebotomines. Mem InstOswaldo Cruz 2001 Jul; 96: 641-647. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762001000500008

  133. Brilhante AF, Moreira de Avila M, Ferreira de SouzaJ, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Bassan-Sabio P, Bicudo dePaula M, Espindola-Godoy R, Kohara-Melchior A,Brandão-Nunes VL, de Oliveira-Cardoso C GalatiEAB. Attractiveness of black and white Shannon trapsto phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Pyschodidae) in theBrazilian Amazon basin, an area of intense transmissionof american cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite. Jun; 201724:20. http://doi:10.1051/parasite/2017021

  134. Hashiguchi K, Velez-N L, Kato H, Criollo H, Romero-AD, Gomez-L E, Martini-R L, Zambrano-C F, CalvopinaH, M, Caceres-G A, Hashiguchi Y. Sand fly fauna(Díptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in differentleishmaniasis-endemic áreas of Ecuador, surveyedusing a newly named mini-Shannon trap. Trop MedHealth 2014 Dec; 42: 163-170. https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-20

  135. Magoon EH A portable stable trap for capturingmosquitos. Bull Entomol Res 1935 Sep; 26(3): 363-369+ plate. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300036695

  136. Disney RHL. A trap for Phlebotominae sandflies attractedto rats. Bull Entomol Res. 1966 Jun; 56: 445-451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300056510

  137. Disney RHL. Observations on a zoonosis, leishmaniasisin British Honduras. J Appl Ecol 1968 Apr; 5: 1-59.https://doi.org/10.2307/2401273

  138. Dorval MEC, Pexioto-Alves T, Guitierrez de OliveiraA, Brazil RP, Galati EAB da Cunha RV. Modificationof Disney trap for capture of sand flies (Diptea:Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2007 Nov; 102: 877-878. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762007005000111

  139. Thatcher VE. Studies of phlebotomine sandflies usingcastor oil traps baited with Panamanian animals. JMed Entomol. 1968 Aug; 5(3): 293-297. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/5.3.293

  140. Turner ER, Hoogstraal H. Leishmaniasis in the SudanRepublic 23. Sandflies (Phlebotomus) attracted torodent-baited traps. J. Med. Entomol 1965 Jun; 2(2):137-139. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/2.2.137

  141. Toprak S, Özer N. Distribution of sand fly (Diptera:Psychodidae) species and efficiency of capturingmethods in Sanhurfa province, Turkey. J. Med. Entomol.2007 Jan; 44(1): 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-44.1.23

  142. Mann RS, Kaufman PF Butler JF. Lutzomyia sp (Diptera:Psychodidae) response to olfactory attractant- and lightemitting diode- modified mosquito magnet X (MMX)traps. J. Med. Entomol. 2009 Sep; 46: 1052-1061.https://doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0512

  143. Faiman R, Cuño R, Warburg A. Comparative efficacy ofthree suction traps for collecting phlebotomine sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae) in open habitats. J. Vector Ecol.2009 Jun; 34(1) 114-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00014.x

  144. Kasap OE, Belen A, Kaynas S, Simsek FM, Biler L,Ata N y cols. Activity patterns of sand fly (Diptera:Psychodidae) species and comparative performance ofdifferent traps in an endemic cutaneous leishmaniasisfocus in Cukurova plain, southern Anatolia, Turkey. ActaVet Brno 2009 Jun; 78: 327-335. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200978020327

  145. Hoel DF, Kline DL, Hogsette JA, Bernier UR, El-Hossary SS, Hanafi HA. Efficacy of commercialmosquito traps in capturing phlebotomine sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae) in Egypt. J Med Entomol 47(6):1179-1184. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME10144

  146. Junnila A, Kline DL, Müller GC. Comparativeefficacy of small commercial traps for the capture ofadult Phlebotomus papatasi. J Vector Ecology, 201136(Suppl.1) S172-S178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00128.x.

  147. Kline DL, Hogsette JA, Müller GC. Comparisonof various configurations of CDC-type traps for thecollection of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in southernIsrael. J Vector Ecol 2011 Mar; 36 (Suppl.1) s212-s218.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00133.x

  148. Müller GC, Hogsette JA, Kline DL, Beier JC, RevayEE, Xue R-D. Response of the sand fly Phlebotomuspapatasi to visual, physical and chemical attractionfeatures in the field. Acta Tropica 2014 Jan; 141: 32-36.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.06.007.

  149. Hesam-Mohammadi M, Rassi Y, Reza-Abai M, AkhavanAA, Karimi F, Rafizadeh S, y cols. Efficacy of differentsampling methods of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)in endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in KashanDistrict, Isfahan Province, Iran. J. Arthropod-Borne Dis.2014 Apr; 82(2): 156-162.

  150. Fernández MS, Martínez MF, Pérez AA, Santini MS,Gould IT, Salomón OD. Performance of light-emittingdiode traps for collecting sand flies in entomologicalsurveys in Argentina. J Vector Ecol. 2015 40(2): 373-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12176

  151. Zorrilla VO, Lozano ME, Espada LJ, Kosoy M, McKeeC. Valdivia HO y cols. Comparision of sand fly trappingapproaches for vector surveillance of Leishmania andBartonella species in ecologically distinct, endemicregions of Peru. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases2021 Jul; 15(7) e0009517. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009517

  152. Büttiket W. An improved sampling method forphlebotomine sandflies developed in Saudi Arabia. BullSoc Entomol Suisse. 1979 52: 117-120.

  153. Roberts D, Kumar S. Using vehicle-mounted nets forstudying activity of Arabian and sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae). J Med Entomol 1994 May; 31(3): 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.3.388

  154. Mutero CM, Mutinga MJ, Birley MH, Amimo FA,Munyinyi DM. Description and performance of anupdraft trap for sandflies. Trop Med. Parasitol 1991Dec;42(4): 407-412.

  155. Pugedo H, Barata RA, Franҫa-Silva, Silva JC, Dias ES.HP: um modelo aprimorado de armadilha luminosade sucҫão para a captura de pequenos insetos. RevSoc Barasileira Med Trop. 2005 Feb; 38(1): 70-72. (Portugués). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822005000100017

  156. Müller GC, Revay EE, Beier JC. Simplified andimproved monitoring traps for sampling sand flies JVector Ecol. 2011 Dec; 36(2): 454-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00188.x

  157. Obenauer PJ, Villinski JT, Zayed A, Watany N, El-Hossary SS. Sticky bottle traps: a simple and effectivemethod for collecting adult phlebotomine sand fliesfrom rodent burrows in a appñmñmñmm-endemic regionof Egypt. J Am Mosq. Control Assoc. 2011 Sep; 27(3):333-335. https://doi.org/10.2987/11-6152.1




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com