2021, Number 2
Hearing health in afro-colombian victims of the armed conflict, survivors of improvised explosive device
Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page:
PDF size: 443.95 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In 2002 an improvised explosive device exploded over a church with Afro-Colombian civilians sheltering there, generating a massacre. The survivors presented important health problems without a complete study to date.Objective: To establish the hearing health profile in the community of survivors of the “Bojayá Massacre”, Chocó.
Methods: Based on clinical audiological evaluations with anamnesis, otoscopy, audiometry, speech audiometry and impedance in 61 survivors, a descriptive study was carried out including sociodemographic variables, risk factors, auditory signs and symptoms, and audiological diagnoses.
Results: 72.13% of the participants were women. In addition to exposure to the explosion of an improvised explosive device, which affected indoors (78.69%), and in adjacent outdoors (3.28%) or more distant locations, the main auditory risk factors found were previous infection of ears (26.87%). 70.49% suffered from tinnitus and 14.75% from vertigo. 81.97% of survivors (n=50) presented alterations in their hearing, without previous study. 81 % of those who encountered some degree of hearing loss reported a history of exposure to the blast within the closed space of the church.
Conclusions: The hearing health profile of the community of survivors of the Bojayá massacre, Chocó, was characterized by the presence of hearing difficulties, tinnitus, earache, vertigo, a history of acoustic trauma, and tympanic perforations. The main diagnosis found was bilateral conductive hearing loss.
REFERENCES
Londoño NH, Muñiz O, Correa JE, Patiño C, Jaramillo G, Raigoza J, et al. Salud mental en víctimas de la violencia armada en Bojayá (Chocó, Colombia). Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 2005 [acceso: 21/04/2020]; XXXIV(4):493-505. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0034-74502005000400003&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es
Organización de las Naciones Unidas – ONU. Informe de la Oficina en Colombia del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos sobre su Misión de Observación en el Medio Atrato. Colombia: Oficina en Colombia del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos; 2002. [acceso: 21/04/2020]. Disponible en: http://www.hchr.org.co/documentoseinformes/informes/tematicos/bojaya.pdf
Myers P, Wilmington D, Gallun F, Henry J, Fausti S. Hearing Impairment and Traumatic Brain Injury among Soldiers: Special Considerations for the Audiologist. Seminars in Hearing. 2009 [acceso: 21/04/2020];30(1):5-27. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230663210_Hearing_Impairment_and_Traumatic_Brain_Injury_among_Soldiers_Special_Considerations_for_the_Audiologist
Jordan N, Lee R, Helfer T. Noise-Induced Hearing Injury among Army Active Duty Soldiers Deployed to the Central Command Area of Operations. Seminars in Hearing. 2009 [acceso: 21/04/2020];30(1):28-37. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247475690_Noise-Induced_Hearing_Injury_among_Army_Active_Duty_Soldiers_Deployed_to_the_Central_Command_Area_of_Operations
American Speech Language Hearing Association - ASHA. Los efectos de la pérdida de audición en el desarrollo. Serie informativa de Audiología. 2016 [acceso: 21/04/2020]; 2016(11566):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/Los-efectos-de-la-perdida-de-audicion-en-el-desarrollo.pdf
Navarro R, Rodrigo C, Tamburri R, López E, Pantojo C, Aceituno P. Despliegue y capacidades sanitarias en la región oeste de Afganistán (provincia de Badghis y Herat) de agosto a noviembre 2012. Afganistán: Sanidad Militar. 2013 [acceso: 21/04/2020];9(1):48-60. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1887-85712013000100007