Pérez-Ayala M

Language: Spanish
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ABSTRACT

Purpose/Context. Mental disability alters the natural course of human existence because it impacts the construction of one’s identity and the interaction with the context in which one lives. Despite its relevance, mental disability has not been at the center of the bioethical debate. This article presents reasons for this postponement in the bioethical debate, ranging from the previously prevailing comprehensive models to new models that incorporate ethical principles into their pivotal elements.
Methodology/Approach. We reviewed multiple models from which mental disability is understood, from the medical and social approach to the recent biopsychosocial and diversity models. We identified that the first models had the concept of ability as a theoretical line and current ones intend to unveil and eradicate the logic of exclusion not yet overcome.
Results/Findings. Bioethics would have the dual role of serving as a comprehensive model and an instrument that enables ethical debate in pluralistic societies by promoting practical ethical-ontological approaches to develop socio-health policies and achieve the full dignity of individuals.
Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. While bioethics has not been indifferent to the debate on mental disability, it has not been its interest, nor has it been able to contribute to overcoming postponement. It is up to experts to guide other social impact settings beyond research and academia for educational, cultural, and community environments to better connect to this problem.