2020, Number 1
Congenital defects in offspring of diabetic, obese and hypertensive women
Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 1-17
PDF size: 504.29 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, obesity and arterial hypertension during pregnancy are considered to be the most common causes of maternal and/or fetal morbidity and mortality, due to their complications.Objective: Relate preconception control of these diseases to the appearance of congenital defects in the offspring of affected women.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the municipality of Artemisa of the 832 pregnant women registered in the year 2016, of whom 248 had diabetes, obesity or hypertension.
Results: Of the 832 pregnant women, the offspring of 26 had major congenital defects, in 20 cases associated or not to obesity and/or hypertension. Of the three conditions studied, diabetes without preconception control was the most common in women who had offspring with anomalies. These anomalies were predominantly digestive, cardiovascular and of the central nervous system. Diabetic mothers who were controlled and compensated, both before and during their pregnancy, did not have children with congenital defects. Hypertension and obesity were the main risk factors present in low birth weight, preterm newborns.
Conclusions: The risk of having offspring with congenital defects is greater among pregnant women with diabetes associated or not to obesity and/or hypertension who are not controlled since the preconception stage. Timely, appropriate control lowers the risk down to that of non-diabetic women, which is an essential factor to reduce the incidence of congenital defects, one of the leading causes of mortality in children under one year of age.
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