2021, Number 1
Transgénesis: una aproximación a sus riesgos y beneficios
Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 141-155
PDF size: 355.05 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: transgenesis is one of the most recent and controversial technologies of recent times. It consists of the construction of new combinations of genetic material by inserting a deoxyribonucleic acid of interest in a vector that allows it to replicate, remain in the cells of the recipient organism and express itself.Objective: to identify the main risks and benefits of transgenesis.
Methods: scientific literature was reviewed in the period from 2016 to 2020. Academic Google, Pubmed and SciELO databases were used. Seventy-seven articles were reviewed, 30 of which met the inclusion criteria.
Results: the main risks and benefits of transgenesis were identified with respect to plants (transgenic foods), animals and humans. Proponents of this technology argue that transgenic production would favour crop and livestock production and the possibility of medicines and medical products; opponents identify a number of risks to such important legal assets as health (individual and collective), the environment and biodiversity. The negative impact of the patents of the large transnationals is added.
Conclusions: Biotechnology has allowed scientific-technical progress and has sought a better life, but not making a reflective and controlled use of this knowledge could put our lives and those of future generations at risk. Transgenesis cannot be catalogued as good or bad, it is only a tool, everything depends on the controlled, rational, sustainable and conscious use that is given to it.
REFERENCES
Fuentes F, Reynolds E, Lewellis SW, Venkiteswara G, Knaut H. A plasmid set for efficient bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis in Zebrafish. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics [Internet]. 2016 [citado 08/01/2020];6(4):829–834. Disponible en: https://www.g3journal.org/content/6/4/829. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.115.026344
Rousselière D, Rousselière S. Is biotechnology (more) acceptable when it enables a reduction in phytosanitary treatments? A European comparison of the acceptability of transgenesis and cisgenesis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 [citado 08/01/2020];12(9):e0183213. Disponible en: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183213
Héctor Ardisana E, Pérez Álvarez S, Moreira Macías R, Millet Gaínza B. Perspectivas futuras e impacto social de las biotecnologías vegetales. Alternativas [Internet]. 2016 [citado 08/01/2020];17(2):44-51. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7371191.pdf. http://dx.doi.org/10.23878/alternativas.v17i2.116
Tonelli F, Lacerda S, Tonelli F, Costa G, Franca LR, Resende R. Progress and biotechnological prospects in fish transgenesis. Biotechnol Adv [Internet]. 2017 Nov [citado 08/01/2020];35(6):832-844. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734975017300617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.06.002
Garrels W, Talluri TR, Apfelbaum R, Carratalá YP, Bosch P, Pötzsch K, et al. One-step multiplex transgenesis via sleeping beauty transposition in Cattle. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2016 [citado 08/01/2020];6:21953. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764937/. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21953
Bevacqua RJ, Fernández-Martin R, Canel NG, Gibbons A, Texeira D, Lange F, et al. Assessing Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty for transposition altransgenesis by cytoplasmic injection into bovine and ovine zygotes. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 [citado 08/01/2020];12(3):e0174025. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354444/. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174025
Laugsch M, Sergiy Velychko M, Richter C, Zimmer A, Klink B, Schröck E, et al. Functional restoration of gp91phox-oxidase activity by BAC transgenesis and gene targeting in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease iPSCs. Mol Ther [Internet]. 2016 Apr [citado 08/01/2020];24(4):812–822. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4886927/
Gude NA, Firouzi F, BroughtonKM, Ilves K, NguyenKP, PayneCR, et al. Cardiac c-kit biology revealed by inducible transgenesis. Rev Circ Res [Internet]. 2018 Jun [citado 08/01/2020];123(1):57–72. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6192707/. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311828
Iver A, Subramanian L, Tole S. Organotypic explants of the embryonic rodent hippocampus: An accessible system for transgenesis. Bio Protoc [Internet]. 2018 Mar [citado 08/01/2020];8(6):e2764. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5884433/. https://dx.doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.2764
Bachmann Fuentes RI. Evaluación de riesgos derivados de los organismos modificados genéticamente y la adopción de medidas de emergencia en el marco de la Unión Europea. RCDA [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/01/2020];10(1):1-45. Disponible en: https://www.raco.cat/index.php/rcda/article/view/359764/451787
Rojas Arias AC. Estudio del efecto del genotipo vegetal, cepa de Agrobacterium tumefaciens, y casete de expresión, en la expresión de la tolerancia a glifosato en variedades colombianas de soya [tesis doctoral]. Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia;2017 [citado 08/01/2020]. Disponible en: http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/59344/1/1032360429.2017.pdf
Peña Ahues NL, Gutiérrez Cárcamo FM, Alvayero Henríquez GM, González Batarse RI, Garzona Jiménez EA. Consumo y regulación de alimentos transgénicos contaminados con Glifosato y su repercusión en la salud. Rev SCientifica [Internet]. 2017[citado 08/01/2020];15(1):35-39. Disponible en: https://redib.org/Record/oai_articulo1443585-consumo-y-regulaci%C3%B3n-de-alimentos-transg%C3%A9nicos-contaminados-con-glifosato-y-su-repercusi%C3%B3n-en-la-salud