medigraphic.com
ISSN 1729-519X (Print)

2020, Number 6

<< Back Next >>

Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2020; 19 (6)

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in students of a dental school

Pineda HSE, Posada LGA, Giraldo QL, Pulgarín BL

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 1-12
PDF size: 891.09 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus that causes different types of infections. It spreads not only in the community but also in hospital centers. Dental professionals are in continuous contact with this bacterium for long periods of time during clinical care, which increases the risk of infection.
Objective: To evaluate antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in students of a dental school.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in ninth and tenth semester students of a dental clinic in Medellin, Colombia (n = 62) that met the inclusion criteria: carrying out clinical practice and not receiving antibiotic treatment during the last three months; they also met the following exclusion criteria: not having fever, cough, shortness of breath or skin rashes as well as not having undergone surgical procedures or been hospitalized during the last six months. Sociodemographic data were collected. The presence of S. aureus was detected by taking samples from the nostrils. The identity of bacteria was verified by gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests and growth on mannitol salt. Positive samples were screened using the following antibiotics: cefoxitin, oxacillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin.
Results: Of the total of samples analyzed, 67.7 % were positive for S. aureus and of these, 28.5 % were resistant to cefoxitin, 35.7% to oxacillin and 7.14 % to ciprofloxacin.
Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was present in 60 % of the study population, showing great resistance and being associated with respiratory symptoms. In this study, S. aureus was found to be more resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin than to ciprofloxacin.


REFERENCES

  1. Neyra J, Ellis M, Rocha C, Silvera J, Apolaya M, Bernal M, et al. Prevalence of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in 4 cities in Peru. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines [Internet]. 2016 [Citado 11/07/2020];2:12. Disponible en: http://www.doi.org.10.1186/s40794-016-0025-x

  2. Boncompain Suarez C, Morbidoni H. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in health careworkers: First report from a major public hospital in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017;49(2):125-131.

  3. Baek, YS, Baek SH, Yoo Y J. Higher nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among dental students who have clinical experience. The Journal of the American Dental Association [Internet]. 2016 [Citado 11/07/2020];147(5):348-53. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.doi.org.10.1016/j.adaj.2015.12.004

  4. Budri PE, Shore AC, Coleman DC, Coleman D C, Kinnevey PM , Humpreys H, et al. Observational cross-sectional study of nasal staphylococcal species of medical students of diverse geographical origin, prior to healthcare exposure: prevalence of SCCmec, fusC, fusB and the arginine catabolite mobile element (ACME) in the absence of selective antibiotic pressure. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2018 [Citado 11/07/2020];8:e020391. Disponible en: http://www.doi.org.10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020391

  5. Tong SYC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG. Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin Microbiol [Internet].2015 [Citado 11/07/2020];28(3):603-6. Disponible en: http://www.doi.org.10.1128/CMR.00134-14

  6. Chang Q, Lipsitch M, Hanage W. Impact of host heterogeneity on the efficacy of interventions to reduce staphylococcus aureus carriage. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol [Internet]. 2016 [Citado 11/07/2020];37(2):197-204. Disponible en: http://www.doi.org.10.1017/ice.2015.269

  7. Hema N, Raj NS, Chaithanya ED, Chincholi R, Iswariya M, Hema KN. Prevalence of nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among dental students: An in vivo study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol [Internet]. 2017 [Citado 11/07/2020];21(3):356-9. Disponible en: http://www.doi.org.10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_212_17

  8. Olivas E. Manual de prácticas de Microbiología I y II y Parasitología [Internet]. Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez; 2004 [Citado 11/07/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://books.google.com.cu/books?id=HjvScF2tFJoC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=Olivas+E.+Manual+de+pr%C3%A1cticas+de+Microbiolog%C3%ADa+I+y+II+y+Parasitolog%C3%ADa.+Universidad++Aut%C3%B3noma+de+Ciudad+Ju%C3%A1rez.+Departamento+de+Ciencias+B%C3%A1sicas+del+ICB.+Academia+de+Microbiolog%C3%ADa++y+Parasitolog%C3%ADa,+2004

  9. Koneman E, Allen S, Janda W, Schrecknberger P, Winn W. Diagnóstico Microbiológico. 5 ed. Madrid: Editorial médica Panamericana; 2004.

  10. Clinical Laboratory Standars Institute. Performance Standars for Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing. 28 ed [Internet]. Wayne: CLSI; 2018 [Citado 11/07/2020]. Disponible en: https://clsi.org/media/2663/m100ed29_sample.pdf

  11. Huang S, Platt R. Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after previous infection or colonization. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36:281-5.

  12. Von Eiff C, Becker K, Machka K, Stammer H, Peters G. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 11-6.

  13. Capozzi E, Mobili D, Martinez I. Portadores nasales de S. aureus en el personal de enfermería de un centro de salud del Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Kasmera. 2015;43: 139-47.

  14. Rivas RAG, González CE, De Lira TMA. Pacientes de sexo masculino ¿Mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina?. Enf Infec Microbiol. 2014; 34(2):50-3.

  15. Fosch S, Yones C, Trossero M, Grosso O, Nepote A. Portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus en individuos de la comunidad: factores epidemiológicos. Acta Bioquim Clin Latinoam. 2012; 46 (1):59-67.

  16. Espinosa C, Romero M, Rincón G, Bohorquez M. Portadores nasales de Staphylococcus aureus en personal que labora en un Hospital de Santander. Salud UIS. 2011; 43 (2): 111-7.

  17. Arteaga Delgado LC, Espinosa López Y, Chávez Vivas M. Prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus que coloniza el personal de salud de un hospital de la ciudad de Cali. Rev Cienc Salud [Internet]. 2016 [Citado 11/07/2020];14(01):9-19. Disponible en: https:/www.doi.org/10.12804/revsalud14.01.2016.01

  18. Hernández CF, Alvarado K, Madrigal W. Microorganismos presentes en el reverso de las uñas de trabajadores de la salud, Hospital Max Peralta, Cartago, Costa Rica. Rev Costarric Cienc Méd [Internet]. 2003 [Citado 11/07/2020];24(1-2): 45-51. Disponible en:https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0253-29482003000100005&lng=en

  19. Carpintero P M, Cueto CY, Sotomayor SV. Portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus en estudiantes de Bacteriología. Salud Uninorte [Internet]. 2013 [Citado 11/07/2020];29(2):151-9. Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=81730430002

  20. Rodríguez TE, Jiménez QJ. Factors related with colonization by Staphylococcus. Aureus Iatreia [Internet]. 2015 [Citado 11/07/2020];28(1):66-77. Disponible en:http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-07932015000100008&lng=en




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com