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2019, Number 2

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Rev Cubana Plant Med 2019; 24 (2)

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts of varying polarity from Anacardium occidentale

Jaramillo-Salazar MT, Ocampo-Serna DM, Cruz-Naranjo BD, Galvis-García JH

Language: Spanish
References: 29
Page: 1-18
PDF size: 396.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: A large number of the drugs used by humans are synthetic, discovered in the form of secondary metabolites obtained from animals, plants or microorganisms. Their discovery has been the result of systematic scientific work carried out via research aimed at the isolation and structural characterization of organic substances of natural origin.
Objective: Evaluate the antifungal and antibacterial activity of extracts of varying polarity from Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae).
Methods: Extracts of varying polarity were followed up by qualitative testing, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antibacterial potential was evaluated with diffusion antibiograms following EUCAST notation and methodology and using Staphylococcus aureus as test organism. Antifungal potential was evaluated in compliance with the CLSI protocol with broth macrodilutions for the species Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton rubrum.
Results: Colorimetric, chromatographic and spectrophotometric analysis determined that the extracts contain phenolic compounds and display antibacterial and antifungal activity presumably due to the presence of these compounds or the synergy between them. Some of the extracts were found to cause greater inhibition in the microorganisms evaluated than the drugs conventionally used to combat them.
Conclusions: The extracts analyzed were found to contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids and in some cases alkaloidal compounds (spectrophotometry corresponding to rings A, B, C (270-300-350 nm)). Results show that the secondary phenolic compounds contained in the extracts display high antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus and high antifungal potential against Aspergillus niger and Trichophytum rubrum.


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