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2020, Number 2

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Rev Cub Med Int Emerg 2020; 19 (2)

Pathophysiological and diagnostic considerations on atrial fibrillation

Vitón CAA, Rego ÁH

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page: 1-17
PDF size: 244.87 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia related to increased risk of mortality and comorbidities.
Objective: To describe pathophysiological and diagnostic elements on atrial fibrillation. Evidence acquisition: A bibliographic search was carried out in Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Lilacs, BASE and Redib databases, for articles published in Spanish and English from 2015 to 2019. Thirty-five references were selected which addressed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and prevention of atrial fibrillation.
Results: Atrial fibrillation has high incidence. It shows complex pathophysiology, based on different triggers. High blood pressure, heart disease, as well as obesity and other diseases have been identified as risk factors for its development or recurrence. Scientific-technical advances such as electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and Holter monitoring, accompanied by physical and laboratory examination, allow the diagnosis. Complications are common; hence it becomes necessary to work from primary care to identify and stratify the risk in the short and long term, and decrease its effect.
Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation occurs due to anatomical, electrical and mechanical alterations that cause endocardial damage. This damage causes areas of electrical disconnection; therefore, reentry waves are generated that lead to electrophysiological and biochemical modifications that induce the loss of organized atrial electrical activity. Its detection is based on physical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination. The identification of risk factors and the management of modifiable factors constitute a need and a strategy for their treatment.


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