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2021, Number 3

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Acta Med 2021; 19 (3)

Genomic characterization and variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

García LML, Bautista CP, Ángel AAH, Valadez GY, Vásquez MLM, Morales FJA, Cruz SAX, Chávez AJE, Mosqueda MEE, Gutiérrez BD, Vilchis HJ, Ramírez VIO, Perón MLÁ, García OZR, Cortázar MLA, Vite VX, Díaz RJB, Wong CRM

Language: Spanish
References: 73
Page: 445-456
PDF size: 330.55 Kb.


ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus, was detected for the first time in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and causes the COVID-19 disease. The mutation rate in RNA viruses is extremely high, however SARS-CoV-2 has a proof reading mechanism, due to this, SARS-CoV-2 has a lower mutation rate. These mutations occur during the replication life cycle, the viral populations generated, dominate the spectrum of all the mutations generated, which gives them the ability to adapt quickly to changes, this populations are known as viral variants. When these variants appear small genetic differences are generated, sometimes, these small changes have no effect, but in some cases they give to the virus a huge tramsmission capacity, viral loads generation, greater lethality, allowing them to evade the immune response. In this review, the state of the art of the new viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 is described.


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