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2021, Number 3

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Acta Med 2021; 19 (3)

Long-term effects of COVID-19: a review of the literature

Gutiérrez BD, Mosqueda MEE, Joaquín VH, Morales FJA, Cruz SAX, Chávez AJE, Ramírez VIO, Perón MLÁ, García OZR, Vásquez MLM, Valadez GY, Díaz RJB, Cortázar MLA, Vite VX, García LML, Bautista CP, Ángel AAH, Wong CRM

Language: Spanish
References: 56
Page: 421-428
PDF size: 237.06 Kb.


ABSTRACT

COVID-19 has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, at least 55 long-term effects have been found including signs, symptoms and clinical parameters. The clinical stages of the disease are divided into an acute phase of COVID-19, post-acute phase, and post-COVID-19 syndrome. These phases are characterized by the development of signs and symptoms from the date of onset of symptoms and extend up to 4 weeks, between 4 and 12 weeks and beyond 12 weeks respectively. The prevalence varies from 35% to 94%, prevailing in most studies above 80%, with fatigue, cough and dyspnea being the most prevalent.The pathophysiological mechanisms that explain the development of symptoms include viral persistence, immune alterations and inflammation, expected sequel of critical illness, and specific pathophysiological alteration of acute disease in each system. The complete spectrum of post-COVID syndrome is still unknown, although many of its clinical components have been identified, information is still lacking to recognize the exact moment to determine its duration.


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