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2020, Number 2

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Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr 2020; 36 (2)

Risk factors for gestational diabetes in pregnant women at a maternity hospital in Havana

Cruz HJ, Pérez FA, Yanes QM, Hernández GP

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page: 1-12
PDF size: 313.93 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is the most frequent endocrine disease of pregnancy and generally appears when there are risk factors.
Objective: To describe the risk factors for gestational diabetes.
Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study of a database that included 242 women with gestational diabetes, treated at América Arias Gyneco-obstetric Hospital in Havana, in the period 2004-2006. Categorical (dichotomous) variables were analyzed, considered as risk factors for gestational diabetes: diabetes in a first-degree relative, age equal to or over 30 years, excessive pre-pregnancy weight, clinical history of gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia and unexplained fetal death, pregnancy-related high blood pressure, and at-risk fasting blood glucose. Percentage analysis (determination of relative frequencies) was carried out.
Results: The mean age was 29.2±5.3 years. The mean body mass index was 27.1±4.2 kg/m2. 96.69% had risk factors; 79.49% of these had more than one risk factor. The most frequent were at-risk fasting blood glucose (64.53%), age equal to or over 30 years (60.26%), and excessive pre-pregnancy weight (51.71%). There was a predominance in manifestation of combined risk factors; manifestation of one risk factor alone occurred only in at-risk fasting blood glucose (14.57%), diabetes in first-degree relative (8.43%), age equal to o over 30 years (7, 80%), and excessive pre-pregnancy weight (5.79%).
Conclusions: The risk factors for gestational diabetes appeared in the majority of women with the disease, mainly in combination.


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