2021, Número 2
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Acta Pediatr Mex 2021; 42 (2)
Lactancia materna exclusiva y factores maternos relacionados con su interrupción temprana en una comunidad rural de Ecuador
Flores-Estrella MD, Centeno-Villavicencio ML, Maldonado-Rivadeneira JC, Robles-Rodríguez J, Castro-Burbano J
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 56-65
Archivo PDF: 309.46 Kb.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de la lactancia materna exclusiva e identificar los
factores relacionados con su abandono.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, llevado a cabo en lactantes atendidos
en el Centro de Salud de Conocoto (Pichincha, Ecuador). Se registraron los datos de
la madre, estado nutricional de los lactantes, características de la lactancia materna y
enfermedades agudas (diarreicas y respiratorias) previas.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 155 lactantes, con promedio de edad de 12.6 ± 4.8 meses;
53.5% masculinos. Solo el 49.6% (IC95%: 41.9-57.4%) de los niños tuvo lactancia
materna exclusiva durante seis meses y en el resto apenas duró 2.7 ± 1.7 meses. No
se encontraron diferencias en el estado nutricional, pero sí en el número de episodios
(≥ 6) de infecciones respiratorias (1.3
vs 9.0%; p = 0.03) entre los grupos con y sin
lactancia materna exclusiva. Los factores asociados con el abandono de la lactancia
fueron: madre primípara (OR: 2.51; IC95%: 1.31-4.82; p ‹ 0.01), madre conviviente,
pero no casada (OR: 2.26; IC95%: 1.19-4.31; p = 0.03) y madre que estudia o trabaja
fuera del hogar (OR: 3.07; IC95%: 1.58-5.98; p ‹ 0.001).
Conclusiones: Prácticamente solo la mitad de los lactantes recibió lactancia materna
exclusiva. El abandono de esta práctica ocurre en los primeros tres meses, principalmente
cuando las madres son primíparas, viven en unión libre y laboran fuera del
hogar. Es pertinente determinar la situación en otras poblaciones rurales y aumentar
la promoción de la lactancia materna exclusiva.
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