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ISSN 1870-2821 (Impreso)
Organo Oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Mastología

2020, Número 3

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Rev Mex Mastol 2020; 10 (3)


Modelos murinos en el estudio del cáncer mamario

Gutiérrez MJM, Jarillo LRA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 83-92
Archivo PDF: 306.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer de mama en México ocupa la segunda causa de muerte en mujeres de 30 a 65 años, en 2019 se reportaron 35 casos nuevos/100,000 mujeres en este rango de edad. El término «cáncer de mama» no refleja una sola enfermedad, más bien debe considerarse como un repertorio de enfermedades relacionadas con características propias. En el estudio del cáncer mamario, los animales de experimentación han sido de indudable utilidad. El ratón es el más utilizado por varias razones, entre las que destacan el conocimiento de su genoma completo y ser el único animal que cuenta con sistemas eficientes de cultivo de células embrionarias pluripotenciales. Los modelos murinos se pueden clasificar en modelos inmunocomprometidos en los que se reproducen diferentes tipos de tumores mamarios mediante el implante de células de líneas cancerosas, o bien de fragmentos de tumores mamarios provenientes de pacientes. Los inmunocompetentes comprenden cepas que mediante la aplicación de carcinógenos desarrollan tumores, o que lo hacen de manera espontánea dadas las características de su genoma nativo, o bien por la manipulación de éste, existiendo varias cepas transgénicas o «knockout». En este trabajo se revisan las características generales de estos modelos murinos.


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