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2021, Número 2

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2021; 64 (2)


Trastornos del olfato y el gusto, de las bases a la práctica clínica

Fernández AFM, Escobar BM, Hernández RP, Mandujano GA, Valdelamar DA, Taniyama LON, Carrillo ER

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 82
Paginas: 7-21
Archivo PDF: 373.05 Kb.


RESUMEN

Alrededor de una cuarta parte de la población de adultos de más de 40 años presenta algún trastorno del olfato. Las alteraciones primarias del gusto son menos frecuentes y suelen atribuirse a un problema del olfato concomitante. Ambos tienen un fuerte impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas que lo padecen, generando depresión, aislamiento y sensación de vulnerabilidad. El grado de disfunción del olfato y el gusto han sido utilizados como predictor de mortalidad y pronóstico en ciertas enfermedades. Las etiologías son diversas e incluyen desde problemas nasosinusales hasta enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Existen diversas pruebas, fáciles de aplicar y almacenar, que permiten al clínico medir de manera objetiva el grado de disfunción de estos sistemas. El propósito de este artículo de revisión es mostrar al médico de cualquier área, la importancia de explorar estos sistemas y cómo realizarlo. También se discuten las distintas opciones de tratamiento y rehabilitación.


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