2020, Número 1
Administración de fluidos en el paciente grave
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 1-22
Archivo PDF: 508.16 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: la administración de fluidos constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales en el tratamiento de los pacientes graves; solo 50 % responden a este procedimiento y existe incoherencia entre variables macro y microhemodinámicas, lo cual hace más complejo su seguimiento. Las investigaciones actuales se centran en múltiples variables de monitoreo y diversas estrategias para la administración de fluidos en el paciente grave.Objetivo: actualizar las evidencias sobre la administración de fluidos en el paciente grave.
Métodos: se revisaron los estudios publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO Cuba, Cumed y en el buscador Google Académico. Se seleccionaron los trabajos publicados en los últimos cinco años, en idiomas inglés y español.
Desarrollo: se presentan evidencias relacionadas con las variables de monitoreo para la administración de fluidos, y estrategias para su mantenimiento. Al respecto, los autores exponen sus consideraciones críticas.
Conclusiones: existe consenso en que la administración inicial de fluidos en pacientes en choque debe ser precoz y agresiva para restituir la volemia. La administración de fluidos necesita variables de monitoreo para definir con eficacia el paciente que se beneficia con su empleo, teniendo en cuenta que los signos del examen físico, las variables fisiológicas más comunes, y el estudio radiográfico son poco efectivos para guiar su aporte. A pesar de las evidencias de que la sobrecarga de fluidos empeora el pronóstico del paciente, aún no hay consenso en cuanto al mantenimiento de volumen en enfermos graves, por lo cual se requieren nuevos estudios que aborden este tema.
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