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Organo Oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Mastología

2020, Número 2

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Rev Mex Mastol 2020; 10 (2)


Epigenética del cáncer de mama

Vásquez-Moctezuma I, Fernández-Navarrete E, Márquez-Mendoza JM, Luna-Palencia GR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 76
Paginas: 39-47
Archivo PDF: 225.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

Existen alteraciones genéticas bien caracterizadas que se relacionan de manera directa con la carcinogénesis, que incluyen amplificaciones, deleciones, mutaciones puntuales, reordenamientos cromosómicos y aneuploidía. Aparte de estas alteraciones se suman al origen del cáncer las alteraciones epigenéticas que generan una expresión de genes aberrantes y que contribuyen a la tumorigénesis. Se destaca que las modificaciones son de interés como blancos terapéuticos o en la prevención debido a que son reversibles. Las modificaciones epigenéticas son cambios moleculares que pueden modificar el fenotipo celular y el perfil de expresión génica de una célula, que son heredables durante la mitosis de las células somáticas (y algunas veces operan en la línea germinal), pero no incluyen cambios en la secuencia del ADN. Los mecanismos moleculares epigenéticos son la metilación del ADN, las modificaciones de histonas, los ARNs pequeños no codificantes o los ARN antisentido. Estas alteraciones están interconectadas y son importantes en el crecimiento y desarrollo normales de la glándula mamaria.


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