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2020, Número 2

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Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd 2020; 39 (2)


Resultados de los concentrados plaquetarios en la regeneración ósea guiada

Cruz MC, Castro-Rodríguez Y

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 1-20
Archivo PDF: 479.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los defectos óseos alrededor de los implantes dentales son considerados enfermedades que afectan el soporte y estabilidad del implante dental lo que limita la oseointegración. El tratamiento de estos defectos involucra procedimientos de regeneración ósea guiada que se define como la reproducción o reconstitución de una parte perdida o dañada del tejido óseo periimplantario con el fin de restaurar su arquitectura y función. El plasma rico en plaquetas y el plasma rico en fibrina son concentrados de plaquetas autólogos ampliamente usados en la regeneración periodontal y regeneración ósea guiada; sin embargo, sus resultados clínicos, histológicos y radiográficos son discutidos cuando se tratan defectos óseos alrededor de implantes dentales.
En la presente revisión se realizó una búsqueda de la información mediante las bases de datos de diferentes buscadores (PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc y ScienceDirect) para encontrar artículos que traten sobre el uso de los concentrados plaquetarios (plasma rico en plaquetas y plasma rico en fibrina) en la terapia de la regeneración ósea guiada. Clínicamente, los concentrados plaquetarios otorgan resultados favorables en la reducción de la profundidad de sondaje y ganancia de nivel de inserción clínica en el tratamiento de defectos infraóseos periodontales. Histológicamente, los concentrados plaquetarios favorecen la neoformación ósea aumentando la velocidad de regeneración. Radiográficamente, los concentrados plaquetarios favorecen el aumento de densidad ósea, relleno óseo y tejido mineralizado. Con ello, se logra una reducción significativa del tamaño del defecto óseo.


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