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2020, Número 6

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2020; 63 (6)


Manejo y comorbilidades de los trastornos bipolares en la infancia y adolescencia

Hernández-Martínez HE, Ochoa-Madrigal MG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 40-50
Archivo PDF: 253.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de los trastornos bipolares (TBP) en niños es, en la actualidad, uno de los mayores retos y área de controversia en el campo de la psiquiatría infantil. Los trastornos bipolares engloban varios trastornos afectivos que involucran alteraciones en el grado de actividad, contenido y forma del pensamiento que se caracterizan por episodios bifásicos del estado de ánimo; este grupo de trastornos afectan aproximadamente al 1% de la población mundial y comienzan en la juventud (edad media de inicio de ~20 años). Sin embargo, en algunos estudios se ha observado un retraso de 5 años desde la presentación de los síntomas al inicio del tratamiento. En la actualidad el diagnóstico de TBP en niños y adolescentes debe basarse en el mismo conjunto de síntomas aplicado a los adultos, así mismo los principios generales de tratamiento. La investigación realizada alrededor de este trastorno se ha traducido en cambios en la conceptualización y abordaje de esta patología, ahora concebido como un grupo de trastornos que comparten cambios en el estado de ánimo y otros síntomas cardinales, de carácter crónico y progresivo que impacta de manera negativa en quienes los padecen.


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